Showing posts with label afrocentrism. Show all posts
Showing posts with label afrocentrism. Show all posts

Ancient Egypt and Black Africa Review

Ancient Egypt and Black Africa
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Dr. Theophile Obenga has written a great book showing the African background to Greek philosophy. The book traces the Greek student's routes when travelling to Egypt in addition to providing the words of the students themselves and their references to learning in Egypt. Dr. Obenga's mastery of ancient Greek and Medu Netcher (hieroglyphics) provides the reader with the words of the ancients themselves. This book should be required reading for all college students. Dr. Obenga's arguments make the book, Not Out of Africa, by Mary Lefkowitz seem almost juvenile.

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The African Origin of Civilization: Myth or Reality Review

The African Origin of Civilization: Myth or Reality
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This book has obviously angered (a few) people, so much so that they have gone above and beyond the call of duty as reviewers to invent several screen names and post their ire-filled opinions over and over. The fact is that this book is well written, well researched, and well referenced. The author does not ignore contrary opinions, but in fact takes great steps to address and dispel seemingly legitimate arguments. As a dedicated historian, and skeptic of nearly all Afro-centric writings, I can honestly say that this book is far more than the sublimated racism some readers would have you believe it to be. Those with a willingness to read the book and do their own un-biased follow-up research will find it well worth the effort.

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Book of the Beginnings, Part 1 Review

Book of the Beginnings, Part 1
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This is the first of three great books by Gerald Massey on the relation between all the world's religions, cultures and languages and the ancient Egyptian that is, in itself, rooted in the lake region of Central Africa at the source of the Nile. In the first volume of this book, Massey discusses the extremely ancient origins of Egypt and then goes into great detail and depth in showing how the British Druidic culture is Egyptian in its origin. Volume two does the same for the ancient Hebrew culture. These books are a gold mine, They are filled with detail upon inspiring detail. See my review of *Natural Genesis.* Massey's books are indespensible for anyone interested in the great African cultures, the British Druidic culture, the origins of the Hebrew culture, the problems of Christianity, the origins of Buddhism, and the origins of all the world's myths, including the biblical legends, and languages; he shows Egyptian words that show up in a very large number of languages including even the American Indian, Maori, Japanese, Chinese, European, African and so on. Massey focuses through his volumes on the British Druidic, Hebrew, and Christian traditions, and explores in extraordinary depth the Egyptian, and its root culture deep in Africa. Anyone who studies the African traditions can easily see the connections of Massey's findings with the African traditions. Egypt goes back hundreds of thousands of years and comes from the same root as all the other African traditions. All of Massey's books are published by BCP (Black Classics Press).

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Volume one of a two volume set. (This description is for all volumes.) Containing an attempt to recover and reconstitute the lost origins of the myths and mysteries, types and symbols, religion and language, with Egypt for the mouthpiece and Africa as the birthplace.Vol. I, Egyptian origins in the British Isles; Egypt; Comparative vocabulary of English and Egyptian words; Hieroglyphics in Britain; Egyptian origins in words; Egyptian water-names; Egyptian names of personages; British symbolical customs and Egyptian naming; Egyptian deities in the British Isles; Egyptian place-names and the record of the stones; Type-names of the people.Vol. II; Comparative vocabulary of Hebrew and Egyptian words; Hebrew cruxes with Egyptian illustrations; Egyptian origins in the Hebrew scriptures, religion, language, and letters; The phenomenal origin of Jehovah-Elohim; Egyptian origin of the Exodus; Moses and Joshua, or the two Lion-Gods of Egypt; An Egyptian dynasty of Hebrew deities identified from the monuments; The Egyptian origin of the Jews traced from the monuments; Comparative vocabulary of Akkado-Assyrian and Egyptian words; Egyptian origins in the Akkado-Assyrian language and mythology; Comparative vocabulary of Maori and Egyptian words; African origins of the Maori; Roots in Africa beyond Egypt.Mr. Massey has collected together all the principal facts known about Egypt, with a view to trace the origin of mankind.Some portions of his theories are undoubtedly correct, especially those which go to prove that the Egyptians are the oldest known historical race, that they are an African people of a peculiar type, and by no means an Asiatic tribe filtered through the Isthmus of Suez.Evidence of their primitive development is to be found in their physical type.The significance of this work was not recognized in its own time over 100 years ago.This book emphasizes the African origins of mankind in Africa.This work could give new pride and awareness in the staggerin

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Heresy In The University: The Black Athena Controversy and the Responsibilities of American Intellectuals Review

Heresy In The University: The Black Athena Controversy and the Responsibilities of American Intellectuals
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Berlinerblau wades into the Black Athena controversy and calls a lot of people to task. He summarizes the weighty work of Martin Bernal (who he apparently interviewed and commented on various parts of the book) and critiques both Black Athena and its critics. In short, Berlinerblau concludes: Martin Bernal proves that a lot of antiquity studies have had some serious biases, and his work has forced a lot of reassessment on the part of antquity scholars, but; the antiquity scholars prove that Bernal has made a lot of errors. Berlinerblau also calls some of Bernal's critics to task for the vehemence of their attack on Bernal, punishing him on facts while dismissing some larger points. As far as some of the big arguments (was Athena black, were Egyptians 'black', etc.) Berlinerblau explains the sources, arguments, problems (like projecting 19th century concepts of race back 3000 years) and concludes that the most extreme viewpoints (on either side of the argument) are probably not true, though many of Bernal's points quite possibly are, and that, barring some spectacular discoveries, we will probably never know for certain. Berlinerblau praises Bernal for engaging the public in his work, and feels that scholars should work more to became public intellectuals. One can tell that the author cares and wants to be understood, admitting his weaknesses and trying to be fair to all viewpoints.

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One of the most controversial books to come out of the academy in the last fifteen years is Martin Bernal's Black Athena. It has been a true cause celebre. Afrocentrists have both praised the book and claimed that Bernal stole from the work of black scholars to create his study of the Afroasiastic roots of classical civilization. Classicists feel passionately about what they perceive as an attack from an outsider on the origins not only of ancient Greece but of their own discipline. It seems that everyone has something to say about the book; the question is how many really understand it.In Heresy in the University, Jacques Berlinerblau provides an exegesis of the contents of Black Athena, making it accessible to a wider audience. As he clarifies and restates Bernal's opus, Berlinerblau identifies Bernal's flaws in reasoning and gaps in evidence. He cuts to the heart of Bernal's prose, singling out the key points of Bernal's argument, explaining and arranging them in a cogent manner. Berlinerblau addresses the critics' really important objections, including his own, and links each of them to the appropriate substantive argument in Black Athena. He goes beyond simple summary and exposition to present the underlying --stated and unstated--agendas of Bernal and his critics. Ultimately, he exposes both sides and asks what the flawed reasoning from all concerned reveals about the stakes in this key academic dispute and what that, in turn, says about the modern academy.Jacques Berlinerblau is an assistant professor and director of Judaic studies at Hofstra University.

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Essays in Ancient Egyptian Studies Review

Essays in Ancient Egyptian Studies
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Jacob Hudson Carruthers (1930-2004) was a professor at Northeastern Illinois University.
He writes in the Introduction to this 1984 book, "The decision to focus on Ancient Egypt was made after a long period of study and debate ... the reasons were that Ancient Egypt offered the best presently known source of data about the uncorrupted African past with enough data to not only verify the facts of African civilization but to begin the construction of a framework to reinterpret the hsitory and social reality of the world."
Here are some quotations from the book:
"The African worldview is essential to a proper explanation of world history. Otherwise, we are merely engaging in the old Negro history game of adding the Negro contribution to white history." (Pg. 14)
"We must, thus, abandon the alien identifications of our mecca and replace them with with concepts by which (Kemet) identified themselves and their land. By so doing, we can affirm our own identity as well as show respect for our ancestors." (Pg. 28)
"In sum, few if any Black scholars have been able to disentangle the data from the dictates of nomadic historiography and this has resulted in obstacles to full development of an African historiography." (Pg. 35-36)
"Of what relevance for us today is this ancient African worldview of the Creation? ... this is still the basic orientation of most African people, even many of us who have been trained to 'know better.' Thus, if we are to know our people we must know our mentality." (Pg. 73)


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Black Athena: The Afroasiatic Roots of Classical Civilization (The Fabrication of Ancient Greece 1785-1985, Volume 1) Review

Black Athena: The Afroasiatic Roots of Classical Civilization (The Fabrication of Ancient Greece 1785-1985, Volume 1)
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By all reports Martin Bernal is a respected scholar. Although his professional studies have focused on China, he attacks the problems of ancient Mediterranean history, archaeology, linguistics, and modern European intellectual history with enormous verve, great erudition and amazing breadth. It's therefore fascinating to follow the thread of his argumentation and note at every turn just how wrongheaded it all is. Here is a serious scholar who seems to believe that everything written by Europeans in the 19th and 20th centuries is corrupted by their conscious or unconscious racism, but that Greek myths or the self-aggrandizing monument inscriptions of Egyptian pharaohs are to be taken as literal truth. Yes, racism played a role in the development of 19th- and 20th-century historical thinking, but so did increasing knowledge. It was possible to imagine that Greek philosophy, religion and mathematics sprang from an Egyptian source when the Egyptian language was unreadable, but with a real understanding of Egyptian writings it became clear that the content and aims of Egyptian thought and religion were just not compatible with later Greek culture. Likewise, it was easy to imagine Egyptian military dominance, and perhaps even colonization, of broad swaths of Europe and Asia until decade after decade of careful archaeological excavation failed to reveal any more evidence of Egyptian presence than could be attributed to trade. But just as Bernal claims (not entirely correctly) that conventional scholarship was tainted by racist assumptions, twisting the evidence to favor the position that Greece developed without significant Semitic or African influence, so does Bernal pick and choose his evidence to support the opposite conclusion. The problem is that in Bernal's case there just isn't a whole lot of real evidence he can use, so he's reduced to fabricating the flimsiest of etymological connections or elevating myths into reliable historical documents.
For the record, the Greek lexicon does not contain a large number of Egyptian or Semitic loan words. The fact that Egypt is situated in Africa does not make its inhabitants "black" in the modern sense (e.g., physically similar to the sub-Saharan African population) any more than living in Asia makes Syrians Chinese. There is no archaeological evidence suggesting any multi-year campaign of conquest by any Egyptian pharaoh, much less colonization of the Aegean by Egyptians or post-expulsion Hyksos. And, regardless of what Bernal seems to think, showing that something might conceivably have been so doesn't remotely begin to constitute proof that it was so.
Perhaps the saddest thing about Black Athena is the fuel it gives to the Afrocentrist movement, which seems to subsist on a feeling that people of African descent can only feel good about themselves if their ancestors can be shown to have been the real founders of European culture. In its own unfortunate way, this belief is as Eurocentric as the one Bernal imputes to 19th-century scholars. Why isn't Egyptian civilization, or more to the point that of ancient Nubia or the Mali Empire, important in and of itself? Black Athena offers its readers an attractive mirage, but what will they be left with if (and when) the mirage dissolves?

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The Ancient Egyptian Family: Kinship and Social Structure (African Studies) Review

The Ancient Egyptian Family: Kinship and Social Structure (African Studies)
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I purchased this book based solely on the title. Please don't be fooled by it. This book is not a scholarly treatise on the "Ancient Egyptian Family." It is a shockingly ignorant anti-Caucasian, anti-Semitic rant, with no academic value.
First of, let me say that racism is wrong, whether it is in the mind of a black person, a white person, a green person, or a purple person (and yes, that is purposely absurd, as is racism, but since his whole book is about color and racism, I'll continue the theme).
The author lets us know where he stands from the start, raging about the "European invasion" and the "enormous assault of Western culture" on Egypt. To him, Black = Good. African = Good. White = Bad. European = Bad. Semitic = Bad. The author is a very angry bigot.
You can usually assume that anyone that narrow minded and hostile has problems with logic and reasoning, and this foolish book backs that up with gusto. He has decided, for whatever reason, that Ancient Egyptian society followed a matrilineal organization simply because it was the "dominant mode of social organization in pre-colonial African societies," and he's not about to let the facts get in the way - in large part because he is unacquainted with the facts.
The author has no understanding of ancient Egyptian history, society, culture, language or grammar. He certainly is unaware that Ancient Egyptian civilization encompassed over 3,000 years of history, during which time there were many social changes. For instance, there are huge differences between the position of women during the Old Kingdom and the New Kingdom.
Black Men?
He freely reinterprets terms to fit his preconceived racist notions. One glaring and egregious example is his translation of the word "kmt," which he describes as Egypt's "authentic name." Well, no. Further, he says, "the name Kemet means literally `the country of the Black men.'" (Wow! Both racist and sexist at the same time!) Again, no, it doesn't. He goes on to mock those who use the actual and accurate translation of "black earth" or "black land" as being "Eurocentric and Semitic-centered." He's so proud of his ignorant prejudice.
Worse yet, he invents words like "kemeters" to refer to the Egyptians in order to disassociate himself with those nasty Semitic and European people. Has he no shame?
Race simply has nothing to do with the study of Ancient Egypt. The concept of races and people being "black" or "white" simply did not exist in ancient Egypt. I'm sure the author is as clueless to that fact as he is of anything else regarding the ancient world.
Purple Men?
The author is also ignorant of the rules of the Egyptian language and its grammar. To translate "kmt" as "country of the Black men" is grammatically and logically impossible. It is similar to my saying, "this is a purple shoe," and you hearing "this is a shoe belonging to purple men." They simply are not the same, and anyone who has actually studied and learned the language knows that.
By the way, the Egyptians would have used a word like "rmtt" - a feminine plural with a male and female determinative - to refer to people in general, so his fantasy of "black men" is doubly offensive.
Of course, the basis for the author's lack of comprehension becomes obvious when he says he used dictionaries to develop his theories of kinship, admitting, "I am fully aware of the inadequacy of material culled from dictionaries, yet in this case this method is inevitable." Huh? Hey, Allen, then maybe you should write about something you know.
Red Men?
Other than his lack of grammatical comprehension, the author also shows no knowledge of Egyptian literature, which clearly distinguishes and contrasts kmt (the habitable area of Egypt where the soil was yearly "blackened" with the nutrient-enriched flood waters) and dshrt (the red land of the desert and hills) - which, by his own "logic," he would have to translate as the "Country of the Red Men"!
But Allen glories in his racist ignorance: "Contrary to most studies of this kind, I have not attempted to camouflage my theoretical assumptions. Rather I have forthrightly stated both my theoretical and philosophical position."
His derision of serious and respected scholars (whose names I will not include here) is shameful. He reminds me of a bully on the school playground ridiculing the smart kids.
I'll let his own words warn you of his total lack of scholarly insight: His "research" consisted of "a general survey and review of the literature produced on the family, marriage, sexual like, women, and kinship of ancient Egypt." That is an exact quote.
I won't waste any more time on his various theories. You simply can't believe a word of this book, so what's the point.
I am shocked that a respected publishing company such as Routledge published this drivel.


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Scholars in Egyptology have often debated the following question: was the ancient Egyptian society organized along patrilinealor matrilineal lines? In taking a fresh and innovative look at the ancient Egyptian family, Allen attempts to solve this long-standing puzzle. Allen argues that the matrilineal nature of the ancient Egyptian family and social organization provides us with the key to understanding why and how ancient Egyptian women were able to rise to power, study medicine, and enjoy basic freedoms that did not emerge in Western Civilization until thetwentieth century. More importantly, by examining the types of families that existed in ancient Egypt along with highlighting the ancient Egyptians' kinship terms, we can place the ancient Egyptian civilization in the cultural context and incubator of Black Africa. This groundbreaking textis amust-read for Historians and those working in African Studies and Egyptology.

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