Showing posts with label egyptian art. Show all posts
Showing posts with label egyptian art. Show all posts

Jewels of the Pharaohs: Egyptian Jewelry of the Dynastic Period Review

Jewels of the Pharaohs: Egyptian Jewelry of the Dynastic Period
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I have always been interested in ancient Egypt but this book focused on the jewelry, which I had only read about in general terms.
In the section about the recovery of ancient Egyptian jewelry, the author talked about how discoveries are more often made by accident than by a deliberate, planned search. Many treasures have been dispersed all over the world because of being found by private persons.
Materials were selected for their color rather than for their "refractive powers, brilliance, or rarity."
Next the author discussed the uses of jewelry in ancient Egypt. Jewelry was used for personal adornment of men as much as for women, and used in burials, for the shrines of the gods, and as temple furnishings. The most common use of jewelry was as amulets - to protect the wearers from harm.
The materials used by craftsmen to make jewelry in ancient Egypt were shells, horns, tusks, claws, stones, and gold. Some of the most popular stones were carnellian, lapis lazuli, and turquoise (very different from the veiny turquoise we see here in the U.S).
A very informative book.

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Egyptian Fakes: Masterpieces that Duped the Art World and the Experts Who Uncovered Them Review

Egyptian Fakes: Masterpieces that Duped the Art World and the Experts Who Uncovered Them
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Although there is considerable interesting information in this book, the work overall is disappointing and even a little infuriating. The author proceeds in a general chronological fashion, but jumps from anecdote to anecdote, some quite lengthy, without any comprehensive framework or analysis. The book identifies and discusses in depth several forgers or schools of forgery, mostly from the early 20th century. Perhaps it's the nature of the subject itself or perhaps it's the translation (see below), or both, but I felt that the stories were murky, incomplete and unresolved. Statements are left unexplained and often unsourced. It is unsatisfactory for academics as it lacks consistent footnotes; the few that do appear seem randomly chosen. I'm not left with much understanding of what is the current status of the productions discussed in the book or the current views of museum curators in general.
The writing often is unclear and difficult to follow, likely a result of the translation from the French, which fact is noted only in tiny print on the last page. Awkward phrases or words are often used, such as "this wily chap would instance his `secret signature'" (p. 185), or "No crosscheck exists as to the actual origin of this collection..." (p. 163). And on page 32 this appears: "The progressive adoption of legislation restricting the trade in antiquities ... meant that archaeologists and Egyptologists were indeed increasingly led to purchase pieces on the market ..." Some explanation is needed if we are being told that restricting trade led to more trade. A number of the sentences are jarring, such as "Shaun dreamed up the idea of creating a translucent alabaster statuette measuring 19 3/4 inches ...." (p. 207); surely Shaun's dream was not so specific in dimensions. Or the statement, in a rather dry book, that one forger's history is "a truly crazy story." (p. 199) The writing also includes a few unnecessarily obscure words, such as "traceology" (pp. 192 & 203), a word which does not appear in the OED and which is not defined here, and the antiquated word "dupery" (p. 243), meaning deceit.
There are other problems with the work. It comes in an overly artsy package. Text wraps around photographs in an annoying fashion, often with a ragged left margin. Text sections begin with hugely oversized initial letters in a peculiar modern and not especially Egyptian font. Art further interferes with utility in several excursions inserted in the book in which the text is printed in orange on a near black background, which are difficult to read. Many of the photographs are of poor quality (e.g. Figs. 10, 31, 69) and most are reproduced in a colored monotone (none on glossy paper), making it more difficult to appreciate details. To make things worse, several of the figures do not match the descriptions in the text. For example, according to the text Figure 2 is a "green stone sphinx" (p. 21), but in fact it is an ushabiti. Figure 3 is supposed to be a "bronze tablet inlaid with silver" (p. 22) but in fact it is a head of Isis. Figure 74 is to be a "modern colossal head" (p. 185) but actually is a headless female torso. Other references are puzzling such as "see flyleaf illustration" (p. 188) - what flyleaf? Is Figure 60 genuine or a fake and what is its source? We're not told. And while Figure 64 is supposed to represent the "upper portion of the two [different] scarabs", only one image is shown; which does it belong to?
Although a few illustrations have a genuine artifact and a fake or questioned one on facing pages as they ideally should be shown, several times they are on the front and back sides of a single leaf making direct comparison impossible. See, e.g., pages 85-6 and 183-4. And while the author makes a great deal about the back side of a fake ("from the back it is clear that it is not an Amarna piece" (p. 210)), he does not explain why that is and no image of the back appears. Sloppiness continues in other aspects. The author quotes (p. 189) from "Hoving in his book The Game of Duplicity". In fact, the "Game of Duplicity" is a short article, not a book, that appeared in a pamphlet.


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Amulets of Ancient Egypt Review

Amulets of Ancient Egypt
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I had the pleasure of hearing the author lecture at an Egyptian conference at the Brooklyn Museum a few years ago. Her fascinatiing text and brilliant slides lose none of their impact as they find their way into print in this handsome little book. Some of Ancient Egypt's most beautiful and magical objects are the smallest in size, as evidenced by the amulets shown here by Ms. Andrews. Required reading for all Egypto-philes!

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Amulets are ornaments believed to endow the wearer by magical means with the properties they represent. They were first made in Egypt as early as 4000 BC and were essential adornments for both the living and the dead. Crafted from gold and silver, semiprecious stones, and less valuable materials, they are fine examples of Egyptian art as well as a vital source of evidence for religious beliefs. In this book, Carol Andrews offers the first comprehensive account of the types of amulets made, their symbolism, and their protective powers. An amuletic foot could be worn to ensure fleetness of foot, a hand for dexterity. The desert-dwelling hare symbolized keenness of the senses, and the hedgehog, which hibernated and survived outside the fertile valley, held connotations of rebirth and triumph over death itself. The ubiquitous amulet in the shape of the dung beetle, known as a scarab, was symbolic of new life. Amulets in the image of powerful gods would be worn for protection, and malevolent creatures, like the male hippopotamus, would be worn to ward off the evil they represented. Both a reference book and an informative account of Egyptian magical belief, this is the most complete survey of the subject to date.

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Egyptian Art (Art and Ideas) Review

Egyptian Art (Art and Ideas)
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Jaromir MALEK. 1999. _Egyptian Art_. London: Phaidon Press. Pp. 447 with appendices, glossary, map and photographs. ISBN 0-7148-3627-3 (hb).
This book by Egyptologist Jaromir Malek is a concise, affordable introduction to Egyptian art in ten compact chapters, each one of which is a self-contained essay. Malek begins with an ethnographic description of the ancient land and discussions of art and architecture in paleolithic and dynastic times. His text follows the standard chronology of Old, Middle and New Kingdoms. Separate chapters cover the Amarna interlude, Egypt under the Greeks and Romans and how Egyptian themes and images have been perceived and presented in Western art in the recent past.
Malek presents his synthesis of design and meaning through discussing numerous photographs gracing the text. But, he clearly separates the didactic and rhetorical use of design conventions from historical events and social life. He writes "...the artistic record should not be taken as a comprehensive statement about the mentality or daily preoccupations of the Egyptians" (p. 21). The Egyptians created their art primarily "...as a carrier of ideas" (p. 61) for the state and for religious institutions and used it to fulfill political and ritual functions. Little was created solely for its value as design or image.
_Egyptian Art_ is not a social history of Egypt, but Malek carefully places the evolution of design elements (hieroglyphics, images) and objects (statues, temples, tombs) in sequences based on dynastic dates. He briefly explains the rationale of important conventions and design choices; examples are why a human body is depicted in frontal view while a face is profiled, why a right arm may be attached to a left shoulder, and why color and cardinal direction are important compositional elements. The book, however, is not a monograph on canonical design rules or belief systems expressed in art. Malek wisely does not clutter the text with explanations of hieroglyphics and how to read them; they are treated as elements in a structural ensemble.
This book is a clear and thoughtful introduction to ancient Egyptian art by a specialist whose text speaks of experience and balanced judgment. Extensively illustrated, the book is a measured treatment of this technical subject and rewards patient reading. General readers and beginning students will like it. Notes on further reading are keyed to each chapter. A glossary, lists of deities and kings, a timeline and a map provide useful reference tools. To his credit, Malek does not wrestle with fantastic claims made by some students of ancient Egypt; he graciously dismisses them.
Both author and publisher faced trade-offs in bringing an affordable and useful book to market. The historical scope leaves scant room to completely explore pieces and buildings and the smallish page size diminishes the visual detail and impact of the plates. Nonetheless, this compact introduction to the stylistic and iconological evolution of Egyptian art is handsome and worthy.

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