Showing posts with label social history. Show all posts
Showing posts with label social history. Show all posts

Healing Gods of Ancient Civilizations Review

Healing Gods of Ancient Civilizations
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I ordered and studied this book because it was listed as a source in books I had learned so much from. The book doesn't read to "dry", and when it doesn't have the info, it says so and why, like in the Celtic section. If you are interested in the Old Ones, buy this book!

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The following volume on the ancient methods of religious healing and the pagan healing gods is presented as an introductory historical study. The author has selected for study several of those great civilizations that preceded and overlapped the Christian era, from the birth of history to the time when paganism was suppressed by the edict of Emperor Theodosius. Contents: Healing Gods of: Ancient Egypt; Babylonia and Assyria; Pagan Semites; Ancient India; Ancient Iran; Ancient Greece; Ancient Rome; Ancient Celts.

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The Tomb-Builders of the Pharaohs Review

The Tomb-Builders of the Pharaohs
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The valley of the Kings in Egypt has enticed numerous archeologists in search of the burial sites of the Pharoahs. These remarkable tombs were built by skilled workers who had a special city built for them and their families. Mr. Bierbrier has researched and done a scholarly work about these workers and their day to day lives. We learn that the more things change, the more they stay the same, as the same day to day and family problems that we have today are very much the same as those who lived 3,000 years ago. It is certainly a distant mirror and one that students of Egypt will enjoy. It is well written and I am particularly proud of this book as Mr. Bierbrier is a cousin of mine. This however did not affect my opinion of this fine work.

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This fascinating study brings to life the people who lived and died at Deir el-Medina over three thousand years ago--the workers who built the tombs of the pharaohs in the nearby Valley of the Kings. Dr. Bierbrier draws on the thousands of documents, letters, literary texts, and drawings found at the site to give an intimate glimpse of life in the village.

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Women's Roles in Ancient Civilizations: A Reference Guide Review

Women's Roles in Ancient Civilizations: A Reference Guide
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A superb book and was excellently written! The title says all! Extraordinary!

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Women's Work: The First 20,000 Years Women, Cloth, and Society in Early Times Review

Women's Work: The First 20,000 Years Women, Cloth, and Society in Early Times
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This book covers a huge amount of information without ever being dry or boring. The tone is conversational throughout and incredibly interesting. The author shows us the oldest surviving fragment of cloth (a wool plaid from 800 B.C.) and then weaves a replica herself to see how long it would have taken to make. There are examples of Greek pottery showing women weaving at warp-weighted looms, which allows the author to tell us about the migration of peoples by describing finds of loom weights in Egypt. Other pottery fragments show women walking and hand spinning at the same time, and then a drawing of the Venus de Milo, with arms drawn on, shows that her arms are in the same position and she was very likely spinning thread. It's a marvelous book that's as easy to understand as a conversation over a fence with your neighbor. In fact, there's a picture of two modern Hungarian girls doing just that while wearing their typical bell-like national costume, and beside this picture is a scene from a mid-first millennium B.C. vase found in Hungary showing a very similar costume. The author moves us back and forth through history and across the continents with ease and interest. It's a fabulous book.

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Society and Death in Ancient Egypt: Mortuary Landscapes of the Middle Kingdom Review

Society and Death in Ancient Egypt: Mortuary Landscapes of the Middle Kingdom
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I have an amateur's interest in ancient Egypt, and a modest library supporting this, including some definitely scholarly books. However, this book is much more scholarly than I had hoped. I will use it as a reference, but have read only small portions of it. I did read with satisfaction the portion pertaining to the Middle Egyptian royal city of El-Lahun because of interest generated by others of my books. I am sure that this book is a respected member on the shelves of academic libraries.

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In Society and Death in Ancient Egypt, Janet Richards considers social stratification in Middle Kingdom Egypt, taking as the point of departure the assumption that a 'middle class' arose during this period. By focusing on the entire range of mortuary behavior, rather than on elite remains, she shows how social and political processes can be reconstructed. Richards demonstrates that the roots of the middle class can be traced to the later Old Kingdom and First Intermediate Period. Combining information from excavations, ancient Egyptian texts, and decorative reliefs and statuary, the book weaves together a wide variety of sources that aid us in understanding how Middle Kingdom Egyptians thought about society and death and how their practices and landscapes relating to death reveal information about the living society.

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The Egyptian Renaissance: The Afterlife of Ancient Egypt in Early Modern Italy Review

The Egyptian Renaissance: The Afterlife of Ancient Egypt in Early Modern Italy
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As a prefatory note, the author of this work assumes the reader has a rudimentary knowledge of Latin, Italian and a history of the renaissance humanist architect/artists of the time such as Vasari, Bramante, Alberti, Bernini & the like. Many referenced book titles go untranslated leaving the reader to guess. This minor encumbrance aside, my only critique would be the writing style. It is lofty, highly scholarly and drags the reader into unrelenting footnotes, many detailing who had access to specific Egyptian artifacts, the provenance of the object & its history within the precincts of Rome, from the Romans who usurped them from Egypt to the numerous times they were moved about & reused by others. The level of detail, however, is astounding & necessary for a complete understanding of these pieces and their role in influencing their revival.
This volume is hardly an account of an Egyptian afterlife understood by the renaissance artists, architects & scholars, but rather what they didn't know. It describes the fanciful "interpretations" of the objects' role in ancient times & accounts of attempting to translate hieroglyphs that were beyond their understanding. Most of the architects of the day proclaimed they understood the ancient language of "Egyptian letters" but few attempted to provide any translations (and those were dismal). Others stated they knew the symbolism of the pyramid & obelisk and therefore were "knowledgeable" in their use. In reality, no one during this period in history truly understood any of the Egyptian monuments extant; only having the writings of inadequate and flawed ancient authors such as Herodotus, Pliny, Horapollo, etc., to assist them. What IS fascinating is the use of these "pagan" symbols by the papacy from Julius II to Leo X & Clement VII. The papal families of Borgia & Colonna both claim a decent from Osiris (Egyptian king of the afterlife) and other Egyptian deities! The apartments and tombs of the popes are littered with frescos & sculptures of these ancient symbols (sphinxes, gold bulls, pyramids, obelisks & folklore) tailored to suit their claim while understanding little of their actual meaning. But, all this rekindled an interest in ancient Egypt.
While there are only 12 color plates and many B & W photos, they beautifully detail the most significant items from the missal of Cardinal Colonna (a Roman Catholic liturgical manuscript laced with Egyptian iconography!) to the granite lions of Nectanebo (a 26th dynasty Nubian pharaoh) currently in the Vatican. This volume gives a rich account of the roots of modern "Egyptomania" and its relevance in art, architecture & literature of the time. There is no "secret knowledge" here, as in fictional novels. Meticulously referenced, overtly so while reading, but from a viewpoint that is refreshingly new, all 430 pages worth!

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The Rise and Fall of Ancient Egypt Review

The Rise and Fall of Ancient Egypt
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Despite having a doctorate in early American history, I have been fascinated with Ancient Egypt since I can remember. And, having read Toby Wilkinson's earlier works (Early Dynastic Egypt and Genesis of the Pharaohs, in particular), I knew that I would have to read this latest interpretation of the course of ancient Egyptian history. The Rise and Fall of Ancient Egypt is nothing short of magnificent, with a narrative thread focusing on both the glorious and gritty sides of Egyptian life as fostered by the Egyptian state's exertion of coercive power.
Organized chronologically, The Rise and Fall of Ancient Egypt returns time and again to the problems of state power. States rise and fall, power ebbs and flows: Egypt's leaders attempted to uphold the forces of truth and order against those of chaos and disarray. To do so required developing state infrastructures and means of coercing the appropriation of both labor and material goods to build the glorious monuments that so capture the public's imagined Egypt. From the pyramids to Abu Simbel, the projection of Egyptian glory depended on breaking the backs of the people who toiled incessantly in service to the state. Indeed, the twin themes of ideology (religion, royal divinity) and administration (bureaucracies, taxation, etc.) repeatedly resurface to highlight just how the state secured support for its regime and managed that support. When both aspects of state control broke down, Egypt entered periodically into times of disorder and chaos.
Readers expecting a romantic view of Ancient Egypt focused on the archaeological treasures will probably be disappointed to be reminded of the costs of Egyptian grandeur. Readers hoping for a more cultural approach to Egyptian history--an extended exploration of religion, art, music, and the like--will probably be less satisfied with Wilkinson's focus upon the state. To be sure, Wilkinson brings these matters up when they are needed but gives them no extended treatment. The excellent bibliography and notes, however, do provide additional resources to investigate topics of interest; moreover, the notes detail Wilkinson's own interpretive engagement with Egyptian historiography, making his book much more valuable to others besides the casual reader.
Despite the book's populist tone, readers may be put off by content density of some chapters. At times, a bewildering array of names and places rush off the page, forcing the reader to consult his handy copies of The Dictionary of Ancient Egypt or the Penguin Atlas of Ancient Egypt. Those without sufficient reference material would perhaps have been well served by a glossary, which, although it does lengthen the book, does provide readers with a handy reference when there are simply too many names to conjure with. The writing style itself is fairly popular, with few words that might trip up readers. Frequent references to British history--especially comparisons to how monarchies have exercised state power across the ages--might be off putting to many American readers, but, it seems to me that the implied arguments by analogy do serve a purpose in highlighting how states have little changed since the Ancient Egyptians invented statehood. Color and black and white illustrations, along with excellent maps, complement the narrative.
Overall, Toby Wilkinson's The Rise and Fall of Ancient Egypt seems to combine the best features of the histories that I've come to love. Its accessibility and charm reminds me of Barbara Mertz' Temples, Tombs, and Hieroglyphs, while its scholarly insight and argumentation make me think of Barry Kemp's Ancient Egypt: Anatomy of a Civilization. To me, the joy of a book is being able to re-read it and come to new insights and appreciation each time and I am sure that such will be the case with The Rise and Fall of Ancient Egypt.

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The Ancient Egyptian Family: Kinship and Social Structure (African Studies) Review

The Ancient Egyptian Family: Kinship and Social Structure (African Studies)
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I purchased this book based solely on the title. Please don't be fooled by it. This book is not a scholarly treatise on the "Ancient Egyptian Family." It is a shockingly ignorant anti-Caucasian, anti-Semitic rant, with no academic value.
First of, let me say that racism is wrong, whether it is in the mind of a black person, a white person, a green person, or a purple person (and yes, that is purposely absurd, as is racism, but since his whole book is about color and racism, I'll continue the theme).
The author lets us know where he stands from the start, raging about the "European invasion" and the "enormous assault of Western culture" on Egypt. To him, Black = Good. African = Good. White = Bad. European = Bad. Semitic = Bad. The author is a very angry bigot.
You can usually assume that anyone that narrow minded and hostile has problems with logic and reasoning, and this foolish book backs that up with gusto. He has decided, for whatever reason, that Ancient Egyptian society followed a matrilineal organization simply because it was the "dominant mode of social organization in pre-colonial African societies," and he's not about to let the facts get in the way - in large part because he is unacquainted with the facts.
The author has no understanding of ancient Egyptian history, society, culture, language or grammar. He certainly is unaware that Ancient Egyptian civilization encompassed over 3,000 years of history, during which time there were many social changes. For instance, there are huge differences between the position of women during the Old Kingdom and the New Kingdom.
Black Men?
He freely reinterprets terms to fit his preconceived racist notions. One glaring and egregious example is his translation of the word "kmt," which he describes as Egypt's "authentic name." Well, no. Further, he says, "the name Kemet means literally `the country of the Black men.'" (Wow! Both racist and sexist at the same time!) Again, no, it doesn't. He goes on to mock those who use the actual and accurate translation of "black earth" or "black land" as being "Eurocentric and Semitic-centered." He's so proud of his ignorant prejudice.
Worse yet, he invents words like "kemeters" to refer to the Egyptians in order to disassociate himself with those nasty Semitic and European people. Has he no shame?
Race simply has nothing to do with the study of Ancient Egypt. The concept of races and people being "black" or "white" simply did not exist in ancient Egypt. I'm sure the author is as clueless to that fact as he is of anything else regarding the ancient world.
Purple Men?
The author is also ignorant of the rules of the Egyptian language and its grammar. To translate "kmt" as "country of the Black men" is grammatically and logically impossible. It is similar to my saying, "this is a purple shoe," and you hearing "this is a shoe belonging to purple men." They simply are not the same, and anyone who has actually studied and learned the language knows that.
By the way, the Egyptians would have used a word like "rmtt" - a feminine plural with a male and female determinative - to refer to people in general, so his fantasy of "black men" is doubly offensive.
Of course, the basis for the author's lack of comprehension becomes obvious when he says he used dictionaries to develop his theories of kinship, admitting, "I am fully aware of the inadequacy of material culled from dictionaries, yet in this case this method is inevitable." Huh? Hey, Allen, then maybe you should write about something you know.
Red Men?
Other than his lack of grammatical comprehension, the author also shows no knowledge of Egyptian literature, which clearly distinguishes and contrasts kmt (the habitable area of Egypt where the soil was yearly "blackened" with the nutrient-enriched flood waters) and dshrt (the red land of the desert and hills) - which, by his own "logic," he would have to translate as the "Country of the Red Men"!
But Allen glories in his racist ignorance: "Contrary to most studies of this kind, I have not attempted to camouflage my theoretical assumptions. Rather I have forthrightly stated both my theoretical and philosophical position."
His derision of serious and respected scholars (whose names I will not include here) is shameful. He reminds me of a bully on the school playground ridiculing the smart kids.
I'll let his own words warn you of his total lack of scholarly insight: His "research" consisted of "a general survey and review of the literature produced on the family, marriage, sexual like, women, and kinship of ancient Egypt." That is an exact quote.
I won't waste any more time on his various theories. You simply can't believe a word of this book, so what's the point.
I am shocked that a respected publishing company such as Routledge published this drivel.


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Scholars in Egyptology have often debated the following question: was the ancient Egyptian society organized along patrilinealor matrilineal lines? In taking a fresh and innovative look at the ancient Egyptian family, Allen attempts to solve this long-standing puzzle. Allen argues that the matrilineal nature of the ancient Egyptian family and social organization provides us with the key to understanding why and how ancient Egyptian women were able to rise to power, study medicine, and enjoy basic freedoms that did not emerge in Western Civilization until thetwentieth century. More importantly, by examining the types of families that existed in ancient Egypt along with highlighting the ancient Egyptians' kinship terms, we can place the ancient Egyptian civilization in the cultural context and incubator of Black Africa. This groundbreaking textis amust-read for Historians and those working in African Studies and Egyptology.

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