Showing posts with label prehistory. Show all posts
Showing posts with label prehistory. Show all posts

The Mound Builders of Ancient North America: 4000 Years of American Indian Art, Science, Engineering, & Spirituality Reflected in Majestic Earthworks & Artifacts Review

The Mound Builders of Ancient North America: 4000 Years of American Indian Art, Science, Engineering, and Spirituality Reflected in Majestic Earthworks and Artifacts
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I think that if you order this book, as I did, and expect something jam-packed with scholarship and edification you'll be very disappointed. It's not even jam-packed--the text is almost oversized, there are too many not-terribly-informative illustrations, and there's far too much blank space. The book feels padded. What should have tipped me off was the over-complex title and the use of the word "spirituality." That's a buzzword for a certain branch of Native-American fans, the types that speak of deeply held beliefs of another culture as if they lived in that culture. Often (and I'm not being disrespectful, just candid, and working from experience) they'll respond that they did--either through channeling or a past-life experience. Do you see where I'm going regarding this book?
What particularly irritated me was the attempt to portray the life of an average mound builder in the day-in-the-life manner that I personally always find questionable, regardless of good-intentions. This is not a culture we have much knowledge about. To presume to know what an average day was like for them is absurd. I'm aware it's the author's attempt to humanize these people (a cynical side says it was a way to puff the book up even more) but it does them a disservice and it's a bit presumptuous. I usually find this sort of speculative writing in New Age publications and books for kids--a day in the life of an Aztec boy or girl, that sort of thing. This just isn't recognizable scholarship and I never recommend "making up" culture to make it palatable for youngsters. That's what Disney does.
All forgivable if there was a wealth of books about mound building cultures but there isn't, and there isn't much information to work with anyway, as I've already noted, which makes this whole endeavor a little odd to say the least. Who is the intended audience? It's not billed as a youth book, although it certainly looks and reads like one (the very first thing I noticed when my copy arrived and source of my first wave of disappointment). It's unarguably not an academic book. So that leaves it as a pop science book, which it's a poor example of, or a Native-American faddist book, which I believe hits the mark squarely. If you simply want to feel warm and fuzzy about the complex and varied people who once inhabited this continent, and don't particularly care if the information conforms to any reality, then here you are.
I strongly recommend, instead, Roger G. Kennedy's "Hidden Cities--The Discovery and Loss of Ancient North American Civilization." or hard research into 100-year-old editions of Scientific American. I've found more material and more good scholarship that's over a century old about this remarkable civilization(s) than I have in recent times, despite our alleged curiosity about and sensitivity toward other cultures.

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Ancient Mound Builders created thousands of sacred earthen structures all across America. These native Indian cultures flourished for 4000 years before the first settlers came, creating mysterious giant earthen shapes of birds, bears, snakes, and alligator mounds, along with great conical mounds that held the bones of their leaders and loved ones. Who were these sophisticated and spiritual ancient people? They were talented shamans, farmers, hunters, fishermen, artists, and midwives who held special reverence for Mother Earth. Learn more about them and see some of their amazing artistic achievements inside The Mound Builders of Ancient North America. Study a detailed TimeLine that helps to place everything in exact perspective. See what was also happening elsewhere in the world during the Mound Builders heydays. Surprising fetes of engineering and geographic earthworks remind us that these ancient cultures held impressive worldviews.

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The Stones of Time: Calendars, Sundials, and Stone Chambers of Ancient Ireland Review

The Stones of Time: Calendars, Sundials, and Stone Chambers of Ancient Ireland
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Originally published as 'The Stars and the Stones' by Thames and Hudson. Brennan's book is part mythology, part art history, and part astronomy and part detective story. This is a truly great read; Brennan takes the reader with him on a quest to unlock the hidden meaning behind some of the oldest man made marks on the planet found among the oldest buildings. Surviving preserved for over 5 thousand years, (predating the pyramids and Stonehenge) the engravings on what archaeologist have called Irish passage tombs point in a very different direction. Brennan weaves his way through ancient myth, astronomy and finally to an interpretation of the art and how that relates to the function of these mounds. In the process he unlocks the code, and reveals that the builders of Newgrange and older Irish megaliths were adept astronomers who recorded their data on the kerb and passage stones of their buildings. He capably demonstrates that these mounds are in fact calindrical devices. Brennan's discoveries (now 30 years old) are still cutting edge. If you are interested in the early intellectual development of man and are tired of hearing about aliens or graves, then here is a solid fascinating book by a pioneer whose conclusions still challenge modern perceptions. Exceptional writing and story telling makes the subject accessible while still giving real depth. A must read.

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The Atlas of Early Man: The Rise of Man Across the Globe, From 35,000 B.C. to A.D. 500 With Over 1,000 Maps And Illustrations Review

The Atlas of Early Man: The Rise of Man Across the Globe, From 35,000 B.C. to A.D. 500 With Over 1,000 Maps And Illustrations
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I stumbled upon this book in a bookstore one day and knew I had to add it to my collection.
The book format:
Overall segmentation of book into "eight distinct chunks of time" (35000 to 8000 BC, 8000-5000 BC, 5000-3000 BC, 3000-2000 BC, 2000-1000 BC, 1000-500 BC, 500 BC-1 AD, and 1-500 AD)in chronological order. Hawkes has done a fine job mixing valuable visual content with written content.
Each segment of time has the following sub-segmentation:
1. Overview of time period
2. technology
3. architecture
4. art
5. chart of important occurrences by region (Mesopotamia, Egypt/Africa, Eastern Mediterranean, Western Mediterranean, Continental Europe, Iran-India, Far East, and the Americas), to include: economy (irrigation, hunting, urban life, trade), centres (important locations/cities), events and developments, people, religion, technology and inventions, architecture, and art.
As a bonus, Hawkes throws in an atlas of archaeological site maps of the regions discussed in the book.
The book has a nice "index" as well. There is nothing that irks me more than turning to a shoddy index and being thwarted in my attempts to locate something specific within a text.
But let me re-iterate. This is a great overview of cultural events occurring throughout this time span. I have yet to see any other book that does this in such a holistic manner. I have used this book frequently when I wanted to get a better understanding of the relation of events occurring during specific periods in time. For example, what was the state of world architecture during the Roman Republic, or, what were the religious practices at the time of tombs of Alaca Huyuk were built?
This book is well worth the investment. It's one of those book that gets pulled from the bookshelf repeatedly.

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The Atlas of Early Man is a unique, and uniquely fascinating, work of popular natural history. For nearly two decades, it has been the definitive survey of the human developments that were the building blocks of scores of different civilizations, offering the kind of irresistible blend of history, science, and cultural study that will capture the interest and imagination of almost any reader.Now, in the first new edition since 1981, Jacquetta Hawkes's landmark volume is at last available in paperback. It is a book that fills in the gaps in our overall understanding of the ancient world: Through one thousand maps, diagrams, drawings, and illustrations, it compares the cultures of historical contemporaries, placing simultaneous developments in art, religion, technology, science, architecture, and government in graphic perspective. What was happening in China when the pyramids were being built in Egypt? What had been achieved in the Americas when wheeled vehicles first rolled across Sumeria? What point of progress had been reached in Western Europe when the Roman Empire was at its height? Hawkes's eloquent and comprehensive text brings these worlds alive for us, not just as historical entities but as living, thriving civilizations. Did the advances of man occur independently across the oceans and continents, or were they the results of a spreading influence? The provocative clarity of Hawkes's treatment enables us to draw our own conclusions to such questions-and dispels the clouds that have been so long blocked our view of early history.

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Ancient Encounters: Kennewick Man and the First Americans Review

Ancient Encounters: Kennewick Man and the First Americans
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I read Dr. Chatters' book in one sitting, and highly recommend it to ALL readers interested in the earliest peoples of the Americas. As the first scientist (& one of the few) to observe the Kennewick skeleton, and having been directly involved in the controversy which has swirled around the remains, this is clearly a very personal account for Chatters. It really comes across that he'd probably NOT have chosen to be embroiled in this sort of issue; but he is uncompromising in his conclusion: the bones are NOT those of an individual we call "American Indian".
The history of the find and ensuing battles between scientists, native groups, and the government is riveting (and unpromising to the future of archaeology in this country). Chatters also goes the extra mile and compares his find to all the other known ancient American skeletal remains, which gives this book a general picture of the state of "early Americans" studies which ensures that I will use this book as a text for my upcoming course on the subject.
A couple of minor things keeps this book from being "perfect", in my opinion. First, since he trusts us to follow the "Caucasoid-but-not-Caucasian" osteological discussion, it could have been enhanced by some simple diagram of the 3 major modern skull "ethnic" groups, showing major points where early Americans do and DO NOT resemble these types. Second, although there were ample references in the endnotes, a few assertions were tossed off and never referenced (The one that bothered me most: mention of a biface-and-blade stone tool technology in Japan that is a putative ancestor to Clovis technology in the Americas. As a stone tool specialist, I know of no such technology which is acclaimed as similar to Clovis, and an extensive search-in lieu of any original reference Chatters might have supplied-turned up nothing new.)
However, general readers will not be bothered by these tiny esoteric omissions. It is the definitive account of Kennewick Man, and was told in an exciting fashion that puts most fictional mysteries to shame. Bravo, Dr. Chatters.

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Women's Work: The First 20,000 Years Women, Cloth, and Society in Early Times Review

Women's Work: The First 20,000 Years Women, Cloth, and Society in Early Times
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This book covers a huge amount of information without ever being dry or boring. The tone is conversational throughout and incredibly interesting. The author shows us the oldest surviving fragment of cloth (a wool plaid from 800 B.C.) and then weaves a replica herself to see how long it would have taken to make. There are examples of Greek pottery showing women weaving at warp-weighted looms, which allows the author to tell us about the migration of peoples by describing finds of loom weights in Egypt. Other pottery fragments show women walking and hand spinning at the same time, and then a drawing of the Venus de Milo, with arms drawn on, shows that her arms are in the same position and she was very likely spinning thread. It's a marvelous book that's as easy to understand as a conversation over a fence with your neighbor. In fact, there's a picture of two modern Hungarian girls doing just that while wearing their typical bell-like national costume, and beside this picture is a scene from a mid-first millennium B.C. vase found in Hungary showing a very similar costume. The author moves us back and forth through history and across the continents with ease and interest. It's a fabulous book.

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The Cave and the Cathedral: How a Real-Life Indiana Jones and a Renegade Scholar Decoded the Ancient Art of Man Review

The Cave and the Cathedral: How a Real-Life Indiana Jones and a Renegade Scholar Decoded the Ancient Art of Man
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Usually I don't bother to review books I do not like, but I feel so strongly about the subject of Aczel's book--the prehistoric painted caves of Europe--that I feel I have to warn unwary readers about this book. It seems to be directed toward a general audience yet dresses itself up as a scholarly work. Its dogmatism is illogical and offensive.
In between narratives about his personal visits to caves (two of which I myself have visited, Niaux and Pech Merle) and to other places such as the northernmost native village of Alaska, Aczel tries to survey and pick apart earlier actual experts on the caves, of which he demonstrably is not, as well as to promote the outdated, neoFreudian, structuralist theories of André Leroi-Gourhan, theories which are based on a pseudoscientific reasoning that posits that each "sign [in the caves] has one of two meanings: male or female," as do the incredible, numinous depictions of animals and a few humans and human-animal figures. When you realize that for Leroi-Gourhan bisons are female and horses are male, with similar divisions for the other animals, you begin to understand how preposterous his ideas are.
Meanwhile, Aczel discredits the theory of today's foremost expert on the subject, Jean Clottes (with David Lewis-Williams), that the art represents shamanism. Like Leroi-Gourhan, Clottes and Lewis-Williams feel compelled to bolster their theory with science (in The Shamans of Prehistory: Trance and Magic in the Painted Caves), a fact Aczel conveniently ignores, just as he shows an egregious ignorance about shamanism (did he even read Mircea Eliade's great work, Shamanism: Archaic Techniques of Ecstasy, on the subject? There is no indication he did). Calling their theory "ludicrous," Aczel claims Clottes and Lewis-Williams maintain "the purpose of all Paleolithic cave art was shamanistic," yet they clearly say, "it would be naive to hope for one complete explanation of parietal art" (The Shamans of Prehistory). Sadly, Aczel is just that naive.
Aczel would have been far better off providing a survey of the history of modern exploration and ideas about European prehistoric cave art, a description of his own experience, and an explanation of his own original thoughts on the topic. Apparently he has none. His book has almost nothing of the cathedral of his title and not enough of the cave.
Having said this, I must say I agree that the Cro-Magnons depicted a dichotomist world of binary oppositions--archetypes in other words. I do not agree that these archetypes were all sexual, far from it. If you want a much better introduction to Cro-Magnon art, read Journey Through the Ice Age, by Paul G. Bahn and Jean Vertut.

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