Showing posts with label ancient civilizations. Show all posts
Showing posts with label ancient civilizations. Show all posts

The Sacred Symbols of Mu Review

The Sacred Symbols of Mu
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It is sad to see derogatory reviews of James Churchward's well researched books. If you can't name the fifth President of the United States or say where Point Roberts is - forget about judging Churchward, a veteran traveller, philologist and student of human culture - virtually without equal today. These days - people study narrow fields. Churchward mapped the connections between these isolated fields or cultures - and traced them back to the lost continent or Motherland of Mu. He presented and deciphered Cara-Maya, the mother tongue of Mu, showing how its roots can be traced in a number of different languages and cultures located within or around 'The Ring of Fire.' He provided details of cultural artifacts - to illustrate his theory. Churchward claimed to have received much help in this regard, from an aged Indian Rishi.
Having lived in various bits of the Pacific rim, including odd visits to pacific islands, I can guarantee that anyone who does more than speculate from an armchair -would find Churchward's ideas backed up by substantial evidence scattered through dozens of pacific rim cultures - be it the Pacific N.W. of America, Japan - or wherever. Age-old symbols, in seemingly disparate and disconnected cultures share similar myth-motifs, tell related tales of a tragic, swallowing of a mother-culture beneath the ocean. Besides the Bible, such a deluge is also mentioned in the Chinese Shih-ching (Book of History).
Thor Heyerdal noted the phenomenon - again, not a man prone to expound on distant cultures - from an armchair. Many of Churchward's ideas challenge current scientific and academic 'orthodoxy' (alleging, for instance, that the earth's large mountain ranges were formed - long after mother earth, herself). Churchward also notes anomolous facts - like archeological artifacts that show the existence of technically advanced cultures - beneath the remains of other, less advanced cultures. In most cases, such anomalies cannot be accounted for by orthodox archeology and strictly linear theories of human cultural development.
It may be disturbing to consider that a sudden geological cataclysm might throw human civilisation and culture backwards - almost wiping the slate, but after the recent tsunami - it doesn't take much imagination to think what would happen - if whole techtonic plates broke up - effectively reducing a whole continent to nothing - save scattered islands and peripheral strips of land mass. Plato,for his own part, related similar events (Atlantis) in the Timaeus. Usually mocked as 'fiction' - the fact remains that Plato was absolutely serious about it.
Churchward was thoroughly serious. Given the fact that he reconstructed the hieratic sacred alphabet of Mu, and spent years deciphering the information yielded by hundreds of artifacts from cultures around the Pacific rim - and related areas, it is absurd to suggest that his theories were without proof and ill-founded.He has given us the evidence. The greater part of it is too compelling to ignore.

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Mu, as a lost Pacific Ocean continent, was later popularized by James Churchward (1851-1936) in a series of books, beginning with Lost Continent of Mu, the Motherland of Man (1926), re-edited later as The Lost Continent Mu (1931). Other popular books in the series are The Children of Mu (1931), and The Sacred Symbols of Mu (1933).Churchward claimed that "more than fifty years ago," while he was a soldier in India, he befriended a high-ranking temple priest who showed him a set of ancient "sunburnt" clay tablets, supposedly in a long lost "Naga-Maya language" which only two other people in India could read. Having mastered the language himself, Churchward found out that they originated from "the place where [man] first appeared-Mu." The 1931 edition states that 'all matter of science in this work are based on translations of two sets of ancient tablets:" the clay tables he read in India, and a collection 2,500 stone tablets that had been uncovered by William Niven in Mexico. p. 7Churchward gave a vivid description of Mu as the home of an advanced civilization, the Naacal, which flourished between 50,000 and 12,000 years ago, was dominated by a 'white race," p. 48 and was "superior in many respects to our own"p. 17 At the time of its demise, about 12,000 years ago, Mu had 64,000,000 inhabitants and many large cities, and colonies in the other continents.Churchward claimed that the landmass of Mu was located in the Pacific Ocean, and stretched east-west from the Marianas to Easter Island, and north-south from Hawaii to Mangaia. He claimed that according to the creation myth he read in the Indian tablets, Mu had been lifted above sea level by the expansion of underground volcanic gases. Eventually Mu 'was completely obliterated in almost a single night" p. 44: after a series of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, "the broken land fell into that great abyss of fire" and was covered by "fifty millions of square miles of water." p. 50Churchward claimed that Mu was the common origin of the great civilizations of Egypt, Greece, Central America, India, Burma and others, including Easter Island, and was in particular the source of ancient megalithic architecture. As evidence for his claims, he pointed to symbols from throughout the world, in which he saw common themes of birds, the relation of the Earth and the sky, and especially the Sun. Churchward claims the king of Mu was Ra and he relates this to the Egyptian god of the sun, Ra, and the Rapanui word for Sun, ra'a, which he incorrectly spells "raa."[8]: p. 48 He claimed to have found symbols of the Sun in 'Egypt, Babylonia, Peru and all ancient lands and countries - it was a universal symbol."[8]: p. 138Churchward attributed all megalithic art in Polynesia to the people of Mu. He claimed that symbols of the sun are found 'depicted on stones of Polynesian ruins," such as the stone hats (pukao) on top of the giant moai statues of Easter Island. Citing W.J. Johnson, Churchward describes the cylindrical hats as 'spheres" that "seem to show red in the distance", and asserts that they 'represent the Sun as Ra." p. 138 He also incorrectly claimed that some of them are made of "red sandstone" [8]: p. 89 which does not occur in the island. The platforms on which the statues rest (ahu) are described by Churchward as being 'platform-like accumulations of cut and dressed stone," which were supposedly left in their current positions 'awaiting shipment to some other part of the continent for the building of temples and palaces.": p. 89 He also cites the pillars 'erected by the Maori of New Zealand" as an example of this lost civilization's handiwork.: p. 158 In Churchward's view, the present-day Polynesians are not descendants of the dominant members of the lost civilization of Mu, responsible for these great works, but survivors of the cataclysm that adopted 'the first cannibalism and savagery" in the world.

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The New Pyramid Age: Worldwide Discoveries of New Pyramids Challenge Our Thinking Review

The New Pyramid Age: Worldwide Discoveries of New Pyramids Challenge Our Thinking
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Coppens is obviously on top of his subject matter and his criticisms of the traditional approach to pyramids are well founded. His argument for a `New Pyramid Age' is sound. From what I have read in Coppens' book, and others, we need to revisit, and rethink, pyramids. Coppens is no doubt correct in his approach and is prepared to think outside the box.


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This is the first book to cover the new landscape of pyramids found worldwide. It describes the changed nature of the pyramid debate and offers science a challenge, but equally tries to answer some of the key messages that the last decade of pyramid discovery has brought us. It is a series of discoveries that has changed the archaeological world and extended all our horizons.

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Casting the Gods Adrift: A Tale of Ancient Egypt Review

Casting the Gods Adrift: A Tale of Ancient Egypt
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Casting the Gods Adrift is a wonderfully written tale of an Egyptian boy's struggles between following his father and following the Pharaoh. Historically accurate and full of challenging vocabulary, this is a must read for anyone studying Ancient Egypt - or anyone who simply loves great literature!

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Abydos: Egypt's First Pharaohs and the Cult of Osiris (New Aspects of Antiquity) Review

Abydos: Egypt's First Pharaohs and the Cult of Osiris (New Aspects of Antiquity)
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David O'Connor has been excavating at Abydos since 1967 -- probably his most famous find is the series of boats near the enclosures of Khasekhemwy (Shunet el Zebib) and the Western Mastaba -- and so is well-qualified to author this valuable and comprehensive work on the site. O'Connor pulls together the history of the development of the site and its excavation, as well as discussing the significance of various discoveries. It is an excellent, and well thought out compendium. The book is easy to read and well written, but intended for those with at least some knowledge of the subject matter, not absolute beginners.
Especially valuable, and sometimes difficult to find elsewhere, is the information on more recent discoveries and theories. To provide a few examples: he discusses the excavations by Stephen Harvey at the Ahmose complex, Janet Richards at the North and Middle Cemeteries, Josef Wegner at the Senwosret III complex, Mary-Ann Pouls Wegner's survey of the cultic landscape, the Akhenaten talatat found at the Ramesses II temple, and the theories of Gunter Dreyer regarding the early hieroglyphic signs from Tomb U-j. This is almost priceless information - much of it is only available in more expensive, subscription or foreign language publications. The discussions here are, of course, often much briefer than are available elsewhere, and O'Connor does supply a bibliography for further reading (and I've added a few links at the end of this review).
O'Connor deals with many theories (tomb development, the meaning of various symbolic elements such as mounds and pyramids, etc.), and he is one of the few Egyptologists who seems willing to say that in many cases the limited data available is sometimes open to more than one interpretation. He fairly treats competing theories, but this is also quite a personal work by him, and he is not hesitant to offer his opinion. He also points out that excavations are ongoing and there is still much work to do, and so it is only proper to expect new information to change many ideas.
The subtitle of the book refers to "Egypt's First Pharaohs and the Cult of Osiris." O'Connor deals extensively with those topics, but makes it clear to the reader how the later history of the site adds to our understanding of the earlier history. In fact, much of the information on the first kings comes later in the book, after the groundwork is laid. That may sound confusing, but it makes perfect sense in the context of the book.
Below is a list of the chapters and, in parentheses, my notes on some topics discussed in each.
1.The Discovery of Abydos (early excavations).
2.Osiris - Eternal Lord Who Presides in Abydos (the Osiris mythology).
3.The Temple of Seti I (the history of the beautiful temple and the Osireion).
4.The Rediscovery of Abydos (the second wave of excavations, including those of O'Connor himself).
5.The Evolution of a Sacred Landscape (the Old Kingdom and the First Intermediate Period).
6.The Expanding Landscape of the Middle Kingdom (Abydos in the Middle Kingdom, including the Senwosret III complex and the memorial chapels).
7.The Landscape Completed: Abydos in the New Kingdom (the Ahmose complex, Thutmose III, Akhenaten (who may have had a structure at Abydos), the "Portal" Temple of Ramesses II).
8.The Climax of the Osiris Cult (the Late Period).
9.The Royal Tombs of Abydos (The Dynasty 0 and Early Dynastic tombs at Umm el Qa'ab).
10.The Mysterious Enclosures of Abydos (a fascinating chapter on the Shunet el Zebib and other enclosures - with some equally fascinating theories).
11.Boat Graves and Pyramid Origins (how the finds at Abydos relate).
12.Abydos: Summing-Up.
O'Connor ends with useful and current information on visiting Abydos.
Let me finish by thanking the publisher, Thames & Hudson, for another excellent work at a reasonable price. I have an extensive Egyptology library (over 700 books) and I am shocked at how many recent Egyptology books cost $100-$500, and so many are out of my price range. Of course, I understand that more people will buy a book like this than a specialized report, but still, the price tags on many other new books, and some reprints, are beyond explanation.
By the way, some other current publications referenced, available at Amazon, include Janet Richards' Society and Death in Ancient Egypt: Mortuary Landscapes of the Middle Kingdom and Josef Wegner's The Mortuary Temple of Senwosret III at Abydos (Publications of the Pennsylvania-Yale Expedition to Egypt). Also invaluable is The Archaeology and Art of Ancient Egypt: Essays in Honor of David B. O'Connor (Cahier).

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Mara, Daughter of the Nile (Puffin Story Books) Review

Mara, Daughter of the Nile (Puffin Story Books)
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Mara is a wonderful heroine for young girls. Set in the time of Hatshepsut, Pharoah of Egypt, this small novel brings to life a distant era with remarkable clarity. McGraw has crafted her vision of the period around an exciting palace intrigue. The character of Mara, a young slave girl, is an excellent example for young women and it is remarkable to find in a book that was written in the 1950s. If you know a young woman of 9 to 14, give her this book.
This is one of the best books that I have ever read - how fortunate that it is still in print after all these years! I first encountered this excellent novel in 1961. I read it at least 20 times. I was too poor to purchase, so I copied the book out in about 10 school scribblers. True! When my daughter was 10, I bought a copy for her and another for myself.
McGraw's interpretation of the era can easily be faulted, but her sense of "Egypt" cannot. This book sent me on an investigative journey into the subject of Egyptology that has been a distinct pleasure all my life. I highly recommend this wonderful tale.

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The adventures of an ingenious Egyptian slave girl who undertakes a dangerous assignment as a spy in the royal palace of Thebes, in the days when Queen Hatshepsut ruled.

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The Cat of Bubastes: A Tale of Ancient Egypt (Adventure) Review

The Cat of Bubastes: A Tale of Ancient Egypt (Adventure)
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viewer from Califronia 1st published over 100 years ago, G.A. Henty's novels fill a void in the area of literature that is appropriate for kids! It is full of adventure and is written in a style that kids will read comfortably. The 15 year old hero, the prince of a small nation invaded by the Egyptians,is of strong moral character and boys, especially, will love the story of his captivity! Packed full of details: Egyptian architecture, family life, methods of warfare, government, geography, religion, and more! Even a cameo appearance by Moses, himself! As a homeschooling mother, I bought this book for my 6th grader to supplelment our history studies. I found myself reading it whenever she put it down and we were devouring it together for an entire weekend. Can't wait to get more Henty novels!

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Hidden History Review

Hidden History
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I was impressed at the intelligent approach of this author's writing. The areas covered are very diverse, fact-based, fascinating accounts of mysterious places, curious and unexplainable artifacts and other strange and unusual historical events and people across the world. There is no question that this author put considerable time and research into each topic covered. I thoroughly enjoyed this book.

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Hidden History fills the gap between archaeology and alternative history, using the latest available data and a common-sense, open-minded approach. With more than 50 photographs and illustrations, this is the ideal reference work for those readers interested in the archaeology of these great conundrums.

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Ancient Mysteries Review

Ancient Mysteries
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When I first saw the title "Ancient Mysteries" I was immediately put off by the title and thought: here goes another "aliens built the pyramids" New Age woo woo book. My closer read of the editorial reviews at Amazon indicated the book took a more sensible approach.
Authors James and Thorpe do a great job of going through the various architectural and technological wonders of the ancient world. The book is a compendium of loosely linked chapters and the sections could easily be read backwards without losing much meaning.
Though the book does a lot of debunking of fringe archeology, it does it in a very effective way. Rather than hitting hard at some of the fringe theories right up front, the authors do their best to present those theories in the best light possible. Often they got me hooked on them. Then they very gently begin to tear down the theories with hard evidence. (Which is often ignored or conveniently overlook by the fringe proponents.) I constantly felt the little voice inside me going "Uh oh..."
You won't come away with any great understanding of the ancient world, the authors cover far too much ground for that. You will however have a fun -- and extensive read, and will gain some insight into how science and archeolgy work together.
I was a little disappointed that they barely covered some of the issues concerning the ancient Pueblo sites here in New Mexico.

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Ms. Frizzle's Adventures: Ancient Egypt Review

Ms. Frizzle's Adventures: Ancient Egypt
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This book is great! I got this book when I was 4 3/4 and I am now 13 1/2 years old and it's still wonderful!!! It shows wonderful examples of hieroglyphs and demotic writing!!! It shows you detailed pictures of an Egyptian market, scribes house, and tells you how mummys were made!!! After reading I ( to my mom's extreme annoyance) turned our basement in to an Egyptian town, and you can imangine what I went as that Halloween!!

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Egyptian Diary: The Journal of Nakht Review

Egyptian Diary: The Journal of Nakht
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my kids (7 and 5) could't get enough of this - probably their favourite bedtime storybook this year. The book has great pictures and the mysterious tomb robbery kept us reading avidly. Along the way we learnt more about everyday life in ancient Egypt than from any number of the usual history books for kids. The book also works as a starting point for exploring some of the features of ancient Egypt (necessarily) only briefly touched on.

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Egyptians (Life in Ancient Civilizations) Review

Egyptians (Life in Ancient Civilizations)
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In 3100 B.C. the Egyptians created a magnificent civilization in northeastern Africa. They created some of the most recognizable and fantastic architecture the world has ever seen. During this time the pharaohs ruled over Egypt's four social classes. There were the slowest ("slaves and servants"), workers, skilled professionals and the nobles. Once born into a class it tended to be static, unless you were extremely talented. Living so close to the mighty Nile, Egyptian lives centered around the river. They were "expert shipbuilders" and the soil was very fertile so they could grow vegetables, fruit trees and grains. They also ate fish, fowl and consumed a lot of bread, "their favorite food." Meats like beef were expensive and reserved for the rich. They had "hundreds of gods and goddesses" and thanked them for their good lives in many temples.
The common people lived in "plain houses made from mud and bricks." They wore linen clothing and often children wore no clothing at all. They loved to adorn themselves with jewelry and anoint their bodies with perfume and oil. To finish off the picture they used green and black makeup to make their eyes appear larger. The women were homemakers and family oriented. The children played outside a lot, but also had chores and responsibilities. Children did not attend school, but "they learned what they needed to know from their parents." In this book you will learn about their temples, their gods with animal heads, how "priests turned the bodies into mummies" after death, how the Egyptians believed in the afterlife, the impressive building feats such as the Great Sphinx, you'll learn about their scribes, the discovery of the Rosetta Stone, their notable pharaohs, how the pharaohs (men and women) dressed, Egyptologists, archaeology, and a bit about modern day Egyptian influence.
This is a very nice, basic introduction to ancient Egyptian history. This book was very well written and researched and held my attention quite nicely. There were many colorful graphic style illustrations and photographs that were additional informative vignettes. For example, the reader can see an illustration of several workers attempting to move a large block up the side of a pyramid. We learn that "Each block that workers lifted onto the `Great Pyramid' weighed about 5,000 pounds (2,270 kilograms)." The ancient looking art work made this book look very appealing. In the back of the book is a timeline (ca. 3500 B.C. to 2007), a pronunciation guide, an index, a glossary, and additional recommended book and website resources. Did you know that Egyptians loved their cats and often mummified them?


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The Ancient Egyptians were known for their large stone pyramids, but did you also know that the Egyptians turned some cats into mummies after they died? They also made a strong kind of paper by pressing together layers of a plant, and they performed surgery as early as 4,500 years ago. Find out what life was like in the mighty empire of Ancient Egypt. In this book, you'll learn about people's daily activities, religion, buildings, inventions, and leaders. Photographs and vivid comic-style illustrations help bring this culture to life!--This text refers to the Library Binding edition.

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Egyptian Gods and Goddesses (All Aboard Reading) Review

Egyptian Gods and Goddesses (All Aboard Reading)
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So many beginning readers are fiction, so it is nice to run across something in the non-fiction genre. This particular book's focus is death and the afterlife in ancient Egypt. It begins with a discussion of the more familiar gods -- Osiris, Isis and Anubis -- what they looked like and what attributes they had. It then goes on to describe the dangers to the soul that were thought to exist as it transitioned from life to death. Including the final judgement at the end.
Other points of interest are the burial practices. The book actually goes into a considerable detail about how mummies were made. Very cool, but not gross. There is also a discussion of pyramids including some of the typical contents that might be found inside: items such as glassware, chairs, and musical instruments. Examples of cuneiform are shown. The book finishes by noting that modern Egyptians are mostly Muslim and that they pray to one god - Allah.
The publisher lists this book as a Level Two and suggests it as a practice reader for those in first, second, and third grades. However, the Accelerated Reading designation for this book is 3.2 -- which means that that group feels that the book is best suited for new Third Graders.
[The AR designation is a general "guide" that rates books on a relative scale of difficulty. Children can certainly read at levels above or below their group range, so that this number should only be used as a aid to help choose books that are appropriate and not frustrating.]
You find vocabulary words such as: festival, people, prayed, thousand, special, powers, brought, warmth, guarded, warriors, protected, etc.
Four Stars. Okay Read-aloud. In general, I think this book is a nice introduction to a historical period most young children wouldn't otherwise be exposed to for years. Content is fascinating and even I learned something.
Annoyingly there is no pronunciation guide. Most adults may know the names, but children probably won't.


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The Ancient Egyptian State: The Origins of Egyptian Culture (c. 8000-2000 BC) (Case Studies in Early Societies) Review

The Ancient Egyptian State: The Origins of Egyptian Culture (c. 8000-2000 BC) (Case Studies in Early Societies)
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I REALLY enjoyed this book and learned a lot from it. This book is very well-written, and I liked the almost conversational tone taken by the author. The text provides a lot of relevant and recent hard data about the Egyptian past, but these sections of the text are nicely broken up with "boxes," which focus on small interesting topics (including the snakes of Egypt, the experience of living in Egyptian rural communities, Herodotus, etc.). Although the introduction states the book is intended for students in courses such as undergrad or grad comparative civilizations, it is very accessible to the general reader. Throughout the book, Wenke reviews the many attempts to develop a general theory of history and he provides many examples of how such attempts to formulate such a theory have failed. He also describes contemporary attempts to recast archaeology into a science or some other form of general understanding.
The strength of the book is that it integrates a highly detailed review of Egypt's archaeological record during a critical period of cultural change, and yet at the same time it integrates this information with current anthropological theory. Wenke also includes beautifully written essays that help one appreciate the beauty of Egypt's monuments, writing system, and the ancient Egyptians' philosophy, i.e. how they made sense of their world. The sections on how archaeological research is done in the field are very instructive and rarely seen in most introductory books on ancient Egypt.


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