Showing posts with label history of technology. Show all posts
Showing posts with label history of technology. Show all posts

Greek and Roman Technology: A Sourcebook: Annotated Translations of Greek and Latin Texts and Documents (Routledge Sourcebooks for the Ancient World) Review

Greek and Roman Technology: A Sourcebook: Annotated Translations of Greek and Latin Texts and Documents (Routledge Sourcebooks for the Ancient World)
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_Greek and Roman Technology: A Sourcebook_ by Humphrey, Oleson and Sherwood is a fascinating and yet accessible examination of ancient technology in all its aspects. The sourcebook format is particularly well suited to such a diverse topic, and brings the reader closer to the Greeks and Romans in letting us read their own writings about technology. The authors have amassed a spectacular collection of passages from ancient authors on all aspects of ancient technology: the rise of technology and civilization (including some mythical sources), sources of energy and basic mechanical devices, agriculture, food processing, mining, metallurgy, construction engineering, hydraulic engineering, household crafts and workshop production (metals, wood, ceramics, textiles, etc.), transport and trade, record-keeping, and military technology. The final chapter on "Attitudes towards labour, innovation, and technology" is particularly interesting in light of modern issues. The passages themselves are well translated into readable English and are prefaced by short yet very informative introductions on the subject at hand. There seem to be no missing categories I could think of. A short introduction explains the approach of the book, the sources, and contains an essay on "society and technology in antiquity." There are several thorough indices, which make it a handy reference book and source for further study. Anyone who is genuinely interested in the ancient world or the history of science and technology should enjoy this book. It is eminently dippable and can easily be read a few pages at a time. It would make a great present for a well read friend.

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The Electric Mirror on the Pharos Lighthouse and Other Ancient Lighting Review

The Electric Mirror on the Pharos Lighthouse and Other Ancient Lighting
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"The Electric Mirror on the Pharos Lighthouse and Other Ancient Lighting" is quite intriguing, but it is not what it is advertised to be. Mr. Radka, the titular author, added few paragraphs of his own, but merely reprinted a work that appears to have been done about a hundred years ago, back when electric lights were "cutting edge technology."
The pictures, and even the type fonts, are from the early 1900's. The celebrated "footnotes" are just that: mere footnotes with no bibliographical worth at all.
In this way, it is a very disappointing piece of reading, for those who want to seriously investigate the possibility that the ancients possessed primitive electrical lights.
However, it is very fascinating in its elucidation of primitive batteries that have been found, and in its correlation between electical "arc" lights and Egyptian hieroglyphics that seem to portray them. Unfortunately, there is no easy way to verify if these hieroglyphics are actual or fabrications.
Mr. Radka, or some scholar, should reissue this book with genuine footnotes that verify its many intriguing assertions. If it could be proven that the ancients enjoyed some form of electrical lighting, it would completly revamp our understanding of the cultures of ancient Egypt and the Middle East.

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Synopsis: This book aims to prove through a comprehensive presentation of ancient coins, artifacts, monuments, and literature that the ancients used electricity to light up their temples, tombs, lighthouses, fortresses, palaces, cities and other edifices and critical areas. No other work on the subject in existence documents nearly as much evidence for ancient electrical technology, and it recalls interesting details and descriptions of the ancient Alexandrian Pharos Lighthouse and its electric beacon, some of which have never been published in English before. More importantly, this highly researched work finally solves once and for all the riddle of the Bible's mysterious Ark of the Covenant. Read this book and don't wonder anymore!

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Ancient Egyptian Materials and Industries Review

Ancient Egyptian Materials and Industries
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Alfred Lucas' work is painstaking and very detailed. Although this edition was originally published in 1962, and some of the information may be dated, it remains an excellent resource. The research that went into this work was exceedingly thorough, and the methodology and data are described in great detail. The materials available to the ancient Egyptians and the items made with them are catalogued and described, as are the chemical analyses that Lucas used in his research. Alternative theories about these topics are explained as well. If you have an interest in the history of analytical chemistry, or if you are accustomed to reading very scholarly works on archaeology and Egyptology, you would probably find this book interesting. It gives the reader excellent insights into all of these fields as they were practiced in the first half of the 20th century. If you are looking for a general survey of the topic, be forewarned that this book might be far more detailed and technical than you want.

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There are several periods of Egyptian history, lasting in some cases two or three hundred years, about which very little is known, and even of the periods that are better known the information is very partial. With such gaps in the existing knowledge, a final statement regarding the earliest or latest production of use of any material is impossible, and all that can be done is to give the dates for which the various materials have been recorded.

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Ancient and Medieval Siege Weapons: A Fully Illustrated Guide to Siege Weapons and Tactics Review

Ancient and Medieval Siege Weapons: A Fully Illustrated Guide to Siege Weapons and Tactics
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Sub-Title: A Fully Illustrated Guide to Siege Weapons and Tactics ==This is a beautifully illustrated book on the seige weapons used by most of the major armies from Ancient Egypt through the mid 1400's. It is surprisingly detailed. It is based, in the early days at least, on drawings carved into rock. These have been re-sketched so that the points he is trying to make. In the more recent times, printed materias were used and these make pictures that are (somewhat) more clear. Finally an artist Vladimir Golubev (I presume) made a series of absolutely beautiful color drawings to illustrate various siege engines.
The written part was done by Dr. Nossov and originally published in Russian. It is clearly a work of schlorship that may become the standard by which others are compared in future years. Certainly I have never seen a more complete or better written description of these engines.

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Ancient Inventions Review

Ancient Inventions
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This book is describes ancient inventions and construction projects predating 1492. It is well researched, documented, and illustrated.
There is an assumption with some that earlier humans were rustic simpletons. This book dispels that notion. It describes everything from the mundane (wine, cosmetics), to the grandiose (an early Suez Canal), to the dangerous (trepanning, i.e. drilling holes in one's head as an early form of surgery), to the practical (mills, weapons, paper). One of the strangest discoveries is of a cave that is made to resemble hell.
In addition to the expected inventions from Egypt, Greece, and Rome inventions from all over the world are represented including ones from South America, China, and ancient Scythia the area where modern Ukraine is found. Inventions from that area include the earliest form of shelter (mammoth bone huts), domestication of horses, the earliest melodic musical instruments (flutes), maps, trousers, jewelry, ovens, houses, soap, and saunas (in which hashish was thrown on hot stones).
This is a feel-good book. It documents the creativity and imagination of humans.

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Ancient Science: 40 Time-Traveling, World-Exploring, History-Making Activities for Kids Review

Ancient Science: 40 Time-Traveling, World-Exploring, History-Making Activities for Kids
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I love the projects in this book. As a homeschool mom, I like to teach about the "history" of subjects and not just the usual science basics. I want my kids to know how science was started, and who helped develop some of the modern day advancements in science that we use today. This book is great for teaching the beginnings of science. Measure the earth with Erastothenes, find out just what it was that made Archimedes cry "Eureka!". This is definitely worth owning if you'd like to help your children "see" what the ancient scientists saw.

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Dig into the science of ancient times and unearth amazing discoveries!* Have you ever wondered where paper comes from, who made the first known maps, or how the ancient Egyptians were able to build the pyramids?* Would you like to make your own sundial, discover how to detect earthquakes, or learn to write in hieroglyphics?* Are you looking for great ideas for your next science fair project? If you answered "Yes" to any of these questions, then Ancient Science is for you! From Greek lighthouses and Roman bridges to Chinese kites and Mesopotamian soap, you'll investigate some of the greatest scientific discoveries and the people who introduced them to the world. Dozens of fun-packed activities help you see for yourself how the earliest humans cultivated plants, why instruments make different sounds, how fireworks get their explosive power, and much more. All of the projects are safe and easy to do, and all you need is everyday stuff from around the house. So step back in time and take an amazing journey with Ancient Science!

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The Giza Power Plant : Technologies of Ancient Egypt Review

The Giza Power Plant : Technologies of Ancient Egypt
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Chris Dunn has given us a powerful new vision of the Great Pyramid at Giza, by using his technical expertise to "reverse engineer" the pyramid. What he finds is a magnificent machine that produced power using the earth itself as the source and incorporating the science of vibration and sound. Dunn works backwards from the artifacts produced by the ancient Egyptians, showing that only sophisticated machine tools could have produced the hollowed out diorite bowls and other works created by this civilization.
He fashions his theory on the evidence found inside the Great Pyramid, explaining the purpose of all the passages and "rooms" inside. He draws on some of the observations of researchers who went before him, who have noted the unusual acoustic characteristics inside the pyramid. He uses the detailed notes left to us by W. Flinders Petrie more than a century ago. Petrie made extensive measurements and examinations of the pyramid long before the "tomb" theory became gospel. Dunn points out that not a single original burial has been found in any Egyptian pyramid! There is actually no credible evidence that pyramids were built to be tombs.
Another compelling argument against the tomb idea is the tremendous amount of resources that went into building the Great Pyramid. Would a civilization devote such resources to something that returned nothing? Dunn argues that a power plant would provide a large return, potentially of benefit to the whole society, and with the incredible precision and durability of the pyramid, it would provide power for a long, long time. At least, until a disaster struck... Dunn sees evidence that a destructive force did strike the King's Chamber, pushing the walls back. Was it an accident inside the power plant?
I found especially compelling Dunn's discussion of the supposed fact that the Egyptians did not use the wheel. Perhaps they did not need it for the uses we employed it for, because they had hovercraft (much better suited to going over sand), for instance. We must also remember that the Nile River was the primary "road" in their country. Dunn says that Germany under the Nazis developed technology along different lines from the US after only 12 years of isolation. It would hardly be strange if the Egyptian civilization, separated from us by thousands of years, might have developed along different technological lines from us.
I was also excited to see Dunn discuss the Choral Castle in Florida, produced by Ed Leedskalnin back in the 1950s. Somehow, one small frail man was able to move huge blocks of rock by himself. Leedskalnin claimed to have discovered how the Egyptians moved the huge blocks that made up the pyramids but he died without revealing the secret. Dunn theorizes that it involves magnetism and would mean discarding some of the current scientific beliefs about gravity.
Dunn treads gingerly around the Edgar Cayce material, almost apologizing for including it, but I am glad he did. Many of us who seek the truth about our own past find Cayce's words compelling, with their great internal consistency. What Cayce said about the Atlanteans destroying themselves through the misuse of a powerful energy source fits with Dunn's findings about the ancients knowing how to produce electrical power. Maybe they had a more efficient and potentially destructive power than even our own civilization has discovered.
One criticism of Dunn's ideas is that there is little representation in Egyptian art of the uses of this power. There is the famous "light bulb" picture in the Temple of Dendera which seems to show Crookes tubes in use, complete with power cables. There are also in other places depictions of what could be flying machines, so the evidence of advanced technology is not completely absent in Egyptian art, but there are also pictures of people plowing fields using animals and other seemingly primitive ways of working. But as Dunn rightly points out, different societies would use a power source for different purposes. Because they didn't have toaster ovens and cars doesn't prove they had no source of electrical power. Uses of electricity would depend on the economic system of Egyptian society. Was there a profit motive to produce consumer products that use electrical power, as in our society? Who owned the power created in the pyramid and how was electrical power distributed? Dunn has no answer to these questions, although he offers speculations.
Another weakness in Dunn's presentation is that he doesn't deal with specific timeframes for the development of Egyptian technology. The Egyptian civilization lasted for thousands of years which Egyptologists divide into three periods. Dunn vaguely refers to the pyramid builders as "ancient Egyptians" but does not discuss any specific years or relate the accomplishment to any other known historical event. He does not attempt to show how the technology fits into a culture. But of course, Dunn is not claiming to be a historian or archeologist. It would be good if the people who care about this could each bring their expertise to bear on solving the enigmas inherent in the Great Pyramid. Chris Dunn certainly has some of the expertise needed... but not all.
Dunn discusses the inventions of Nikola Tesla who believed electrical power could be delivered without wires, which may be how the Egyptians delivered it. Dunn says wireless power was never pursued because there was not an easy way to meter it -- how would those who controlled it make money? Was the profit motive part of Egyptian society, or would power have been made freely available, or would it only be for use of the ruling class? The need for a return on investment is a primary driver of technology in our present society (and may keep many potentially useful and even life-saving technologies from ever being developed), but what drove technological development in ancient civilizations? We just don't know.
Dunn does not discuss the purpose of the other two pyramids or the other buildings on the Giza plateau. His theory is not complete without discovering the history and purpose of everything built around the Great Pyramid. Could its use as a power plant involve even more ancient Atlantean technology that was later incorporated with other more ceremonial uses? When was knowledge of its true purpose lost?
I hope Chris Dunn will continue his inquiries and that other researchers will carefully consider what he has presented in this wonderful book. Thanks, Chris! You've given us a lot to think about!

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Ancient Egyptian Materials and Technology Review

Ancient Egyptian Materials and Technology
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A much awaited book, this is the latest comprehensive study of Ancient Egyptian materials, offering essays on subjects such as stone, metals, faience, glass, papyrus, textiles, leather, ivory, wood, oil, resins and food, and covering from the Predynastic to the Ptolemaic periods. Every chapter, which includes extensive bibliographical references, was written either by an Egyptologist or by a specialist of the subject; contributors include Janine Bourriau, Rosalie David, Joann Fletcher, Nigel Hepper, Salima Ikram, Barry Kemp, Geoffrey Killen, Paul T. Nicholson, Stephen Quirke, Ian Shaw and John Tait. Full illustrated, it also clearly explains the techniques used in the identification of materials. This is an excellent reference for every student and scholar of Egyptology.

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Aimed primarily at Egyptologists and archaeologists, this book covers all aspects of craftwork in ancient Egypt, from the construction of the pyramids and the carving of statues to techniques of mummification, boat-building, jewelery making, ancient brewing, carpentry, hairstyling, tailoring and basket weaving. Drawing on archaeological, experimental, ethnographic and laboratory work, it is the first book since the 1920s to describe current research into the actual basics of life in Pharaonic Egypt. The twenty-five chapters, by well-regarded scholars, present up-to-date and accessible information on a wide array of techniques.

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