Showing posts with label linguistics. Show all posts
Showing posts with label linguistics. Show all posts

Race and the Writing of History: Riddling the Sphinx (Race and American Culture) Review

Race and the Writing of History: Riddling the Sphinx (Race and American Culture)
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Maghan Keita has written an extremely informative and concise introduction to the collapse of Eurocentrism and the resulting exposure of the raw anti-African racism that lurks beneath tons and tons of scholarly jargon. For too long African history has been the exclusive preserve of white writers and white scholars(drenched in Eurocentrism) of African history. Of course white scholars have always had their "negro" colleagues who supported the Eurocentric worldview and the Eurocentric intellectual paradigms. Mr. Keita explores and summarizes their views(Snowden, Early, Gates,Mudimbe,Appiah, etc).
Scholars who refuse to accept the "authority" of Western Academic dogmas are ,at last, given a fair hearing. What exactly is Asante saying? What is Obenga saying? What are Diop's main ideas presented without distortions?
Mr. Keita cuts through the rhetoric and arrives somewhere near the core of the problems encountered in trying to understand and write about the most ancient human past- the ancient African past!
Western scholars have deliberately muddied the waters with the historical dogmas of Hegel, Junker,Erman and with: A group, B group, C group, hamitic theories, dynastic race theories, Mediterranean race,"true negro theories, red race, jumbled linguistic theories: Afro-Asiatic, mixed language family myths,biblical mythology, personal opinions, etc,etc.... The racism of white scholars are said not to have effected their scholarship. Even Junker, Breasted, Hegel, Kant,Reisner,Petrie,Lefkowitz, Erman, Maspero, Wilkinson, Ian Shaw-just to name a few!!! Mr. Keita handles this with great skill.
After creating untold confusion among lay people and even specialist with: Karat Group, Developed Abkan, terminal Abkan , Early A group, Classic A, Terminal A, Naqada,l,ll,lll,Kerma, phase ll/a Classic C-Group,Dynastic race theories,"true negro" theories,"hamitic negro theories",migration theories and the like, Eurocentric scholars have not been able to obscure or escape the Black African reality of "ancient Egypt" by seeking refuge in Jan Assmann-like abstractions. Even Reisner had to recognize the black African reality of the "ancient Egyptian" people and civilizations(Egypto-Nubian cultural complexes, both Nilotic and non Nilotic Black African cultures).
Quoting Dubois, Keita writes that Reisner "conceded that Egyptian civilization was from the south" and "from the black tribes of Punt". And that "Egypt and Lower Nubia" were "culturally and racially one land"(p.79). Of course Reisner asserted that a mysterious race of whites appeared(from where is not clear) passed on their advanced culture to the black Africans then vanished. Reisner fails to answer why this mysterious white race did not build a civilization before arriving near the heart of Africa along the banks of the Nile. Here we can detect the similarities between standard Eurocentrism and its extreme manifestation best demonstrated by the Nazi historical efforts. The differences are more of degree and emphasis. The premise is the same.
Keita documents his effort very well. The index is great. The range of Keita's view is comprehensive.
If one wants to understand what African scholars are saying about the history of Africa Keita's book is a great starting place.
Well worth the money. Packed with solid scholarly information!

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Despite increased interest in recent years in the role of race in Western culture, scholars have neglected much of the body of work produced in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries by black intellectuals. For example, while DuBois' thoughts about Africa may be familiar to contemporary academics, those of his important precursors and contemporaries are not widely known. Similarly, although contemporary figures such as Martin Bernal, Molefi Assante, and other "Afrocentrists" are the subject of heated debate, such debates are rarely illuminated by an awareness of the traditions that preceded them. Race and The Writing of History redresses this imbalance, using Bernal's Black Athena and its critics as an introduction to the historical inquiries of African-American intellectuals and many of their African counterparts. Keita examines the controversial legacy of writing history in America and offers a new perspective on the challenge of building new historiographies and epistemologies. As a result, this book sheds new light on how ideas about race and racism have shaped the stories we tell about ourselves.

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Geary's Guide to the World's Great Aphorists Review

Geary's Guide to the World's Great Aphorists
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As a writer, I love and use aphorisms all the time. They add to your writing and help the reader understand and appreciate what you write. An aphorism is a short, witty, philosophical saying. Here are a couple of examples:
When I am shaving in the morning and I behold my rapidly receding hairline--a modest curl rushing towards the crown of my head like some follicular riptide--I think of Jean Cocteau and his quip: "Mirrors would do well to reflect a little more before sending back images."
"Sex without love is an empty gesture. But as empty gestures go, it is one of the best."
I find using aphorisms fun. I also find they give my writing wit and humor, which my readers enjoy.
This is a comprehensive guide to aphorisms and is a wonderful tool for writers and public speakers as well as must-have reading for all language lovers.
You'll find aphorisms from such notables as Sun Tzu and Desmond Tutu. I think there are around 400 or so aphorisms in the book.
When I started stocking my writing library many years ago, one of the main books recommended to me was a good book of aphorisms. So I will pass that recommendation on. And this would be a great book to fill that bill.

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Bestselling expert James Geary's enlightening, entertaining compendium of wit and wisdom, from Sun Tzu to Desmond Tutu--and 350 aphorists in between.Both an expert and a collector, James Geary has devoted his life to aphorisms--and the last few years to organizing, indexing, and even translating them. The result is Geary's Guide, featuring classic writers like Voltaire, Twain, Shakespeare, and Nietzsche, but also more surprising figures, such as Woody Allen, Muhammad Ali, Emily Dickinson, and Mae West. Some of the aphorists appear in English for the first time. But it is more than just a conventional anthology. It is also an encyclopedia, containing brief biographies of each author in addition to a selection of his or her aphorisms. The book is a field guide, too, with aphorists organized into eight different "species," such as Comics, Critics & Satirists; Icons & Iconoclasts; and Painters & Poets. The book's two indexes--by author and by subject--make it easily searchable, while its unique organizational structure and Geary's lively biographical entries make it different from all previous reference works.Geary's Guide is eminently suitable for browsing or for sustained reading. A comprehensive guide to our most intimate, idiosyncratic literary form, the book is an indispensable tool for writers and public speakers as well as essential reading for all language lovers.

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The Ancient Languages of Asia and the Americas Review

The Ancient Languages of Asia and the Americas
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In 2008 Cambridge University Press distilled the work behind the Cambridge Encyclopedia of the World's Ancient Languages into a series surveying a number of early documented languages in a fashion similar to Routledge's Language Family Surveys. In these works, ancient languages are defined as those with a written tradition before the fifth century. This particular volume covering ancient languages from Asia and the Americas therefore includes Sanskrit, Middle Indic, Old Tamil, Old Persian, Avestan, Pahlavi, Ancient Chinese, Mayan and Epi-Olmec (with an appendix on Zapotec). The editor, Roger Woodward, contributes an introduction which helps orientate the reader towards what is on offer.
As a linguist who has focused much on the Indo-European family, I found this work of especial interest for Mark Hale's description of Avestan, a language that has long been neglected in English-language scholarship. Hale also offers a description Pahlavi which is the only concise introduction to this later Iranian language that I've come across. Though I compared this series to the Routledge one, one additional element here is a description of the script of these languages, which makes the coverage of the American languages even more fun.
If you can afford it, the Cambridge Encyclopedia of the World's Ancient Languages, used copies of which can go for quite cheaply, may be better value than amassing the individual volumes. However, for the student who focuses entirely on these languages here, this is a worthwhile book.

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First Steps In Egyptian (Kegan Paul Library of Ancient Egypt) Review

First Steps In Egyptian (Kegan Paul Library of Ancient Egypt)
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For a beginner, this is a lot to absorb. There is a lot I have to read and re-read, but basically this is very well done. It gives a clear explanation of the hieroglyphics and I love that there is text from the original glyphs to read and translate.
I recommend it. Just take your time and let your mind absorb.

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Written by the great Egyptologist and scholar, Sir E.A. Wallis Budge, this book helps the beginner take his first steps in Egyptian. The test portion includes the writing and the grammar, short lists of signs, a vocabulary of the most common few hundred words, and a selection of important tests to practice on for the period that lies between B.C. 4200 and 200. A very practical book and easy to follow test and method.

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Ancient Rome in So Many Words Review

Ancient Rome in So Many Words
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One detriment of pseudo-historical films like "Gladiator" is that the undereducated are encouraged to believe that Romans were "just like us." Francese's well-written study of more than ninety more-or-less important Latin words is a good antidote to such thinking.
In his preface, Francese confesses to making idiosyncratic decisions about which words to include; but he has made his choices thoughtfully and has well fulfilled his goal to use (sometimes secondary meanings of) Latin words to "tell some of the central stories of Roman history and culture." This book can be profitably read by an educated general reader with no knowledge of Latin, but it is a gold mine of quotable material for both teachers of the language and professors of ancient history.

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The brief word-histories in this book are meant to provide background on some words that everyone learns when they study Latin, as well as some rarer terms that have interesting stories to tell about Roman culture. This book lists a new word or phrase that came into American English every year from 1975 to 1998, with a selection of early additions from 1497 to 1750, and discusses the history behind the adoption of each. Teachers and students of Latin can benefit from the slightly more formal, but still anecdotal, approach taken here to some key words in the Latin lexicon.

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Hieroglyphics: The Writings of Ancient Egypt Review

Hieroglyphics: The Writings of Ancient Egypt
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I am torn regarding this book. While it is an exellent study of the individual signs, covering several stages in the evolution of the particular glyph in hieroglyph, hieratic, and demotic characters, it lacks grammer and even word structure aside from a fraction of a page in the introduction. If you are a student of hieroglyphics in the history of the Egyptian culture this could be a most useful book. It is also entertaining and informative to the casual reader, but a student of Egyptian grammer would do better to look elsewhere. Perhaps to Gardiner's "Egyptian Grammar." Betro's book is not, in my opinion, the "complete handbook" it claims to be.

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Six hundred of the figures used in classic Egyptian "sacred text" are here presented with explanations, tracing the origin and meaning of each sign.

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Egyptian Hieroglyphic Grammar: A Handbook for Beginners Review

Egyptian Hieroglyphic Grammar: A Handbook for Beginners
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Watch out...this is not a modern book.
It is a Dover reprint of an Egyptian grammar published in 1920. If you are interested in the Egyptian language and script, don't waste your money.
I'd recommend either Collier and Manley's "How to Read Egyptian Hieroglyphs" ,or Allen's "Middle Egyptian". Check the reviews for these 2 books, and decide which best suits your goal.

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This handbook begins with a discussion of the nature of Middle Egyptian and its script, followed by instructions for forming nouns, pronouns, adjectives, numerals, verbs, and other grammatic elements. A list of hieroglyphs, a vocabulary section, and reading exercises complete a book that will aid students or anyone interested in ancient Egypt.

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Egyptian Hieroglyphs (Reading the Past) Review

Egyptian Hieroglyphs (Reading the Past)
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I have been interested in the ancient Egyptian civilisation for many years, and am now studying archaeology at university. I bought this book four years ago, and am still learning things from it.
It is an excellently written introduction to a mysterious language, and W.V.Davies leads the reader gradually from learning the basic signs, to an overview of Egyptian grammar. I found this absolutely fascinating and can hardly believe that this one book could allow you to write full sentences (even stories!) that could have been understood by people living 3,000 years ago!
Coming from Britain, the book was easier for me to get, but I definitely recommend it. For anyone serious about learning more about Ancient Eygpt, this book is vital, as it allows you to read the accounts in the original language.
Excellent!!

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Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphs : A Practical Guide - A Step-by-Step Approach to Learning Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphs Review

Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphs : A Practical Guide - A Step-by-Step Approach to Learning Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphs
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Kamrin's Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphs is a great introduction to the subject, and is designed to be eminently usable. This is the ideal book for someone who has time to really sit down and work with it, someone who has always wanted to know what it might be like to actually read hieroglyphs.
The ideal audience is a college student or even a high school student who has always wanted to know more about Egyptology than what he or she could get on the Discovery Channel. While it would not replace a year of university-level language study, it is not designed to do so.
The exercises are clear and doable (and there is a section of answers at the back!), and each section builds carefully on the section before. It is a beautiful book as well, nicely designed, with clear readable font and lovely coloured illustrations.
I have a recommendation, however -- you may not want to actually write in the book itself -- the paper is too nice quality for a workbook, which this is in a way. I recommend that you get yourself a notebook and copy out the exercises as you attempt them (a good way to really familiarize yourself with hieroglyphs), or photocopy the more complicated ones and work them on a photocopied page (you may well want to keep the book in better condition than erasing pencil or writing in ink may allow). Otherwise, this is a great book, and would be a lovely gift for someone who is really into ancient Egypt and ready to move beyond the really pretty picture books to see what Egyptology might really be like.

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Ancient Egyptian Calligraphy: A Beginner's Guide to Writing Hieroglyphs Review

Ancient Egyptian Calligraphy: A Beginner's Guide to Writing Hieroglyphs
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This is one of several books on the subject that I bought because I was late on a decorative commission and had to learn how to write hieroglyphs fast. This turned out to be the only book of any value. Using Gardiner's Sign List to organize the symbols into catagories, Fischer first shows a large drawing of the glyph, then shows with a series of sequential sketches how to arrive at the final design. Using his technique, I was able to achieve satisfactory results in a remarkably short time.
Unlike some of the other authors, Fischer does redraw, modify, or try to "reinterpret" the symbols. I compared his hieroglyphs to photographs of tomb and temple walls and found his to be true to the originals.
The 4th edition contains some additional glyphs and information in supplementary references and addenda.
This is a beautifully designed and bound book, worthy of The Metropolitan Museum of Art. I use this in conjunction with Wilkinson's "Reading Egyptian Art".

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Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction Review

Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction
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This is the first time that the insight of modern linguistics has been applied to the long and careful investigations into the decipherment of Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs. The hieroglyphic system and its different varieties (with its phonology, morphology and syntax) are explained. It is an excellent book but hard to follow if a person has little or no knowledge of linguistics. Otherwise, it is perfect for learning about the language - not for translating hieroglyphs. Lots of examples have been taken from actual Egyptian texts (ie, The Tale of Sinuhe, The Tale of the Eloquent Peasant, etc.). As the back cover says, it is "essential reading for linguists and Egyptologists alike."

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How to Read Egyptian Hieroglyphs: A Step-by-Step Guide to Teach Yourself, Revised Edition Review

How to Read Egyptian Hieroglyphs: A Step-by-Step Guide to Teach Yourself, Revised Edition
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Well, what title should I give for a book on Egyptian hieroglyphs?
Actually, the information blurb from the Library Journal linked to the book's entry here states: 'Reference collections desiring more complete coverage will want Alan Gardiner's Egyptian Grammar (1957. 3d ed.) despite some obsolescence in the treatment of the verbal system.'
I actually learned hieroglyphs using that text at the University of London in the 1980s. But I have assembled a collection of more accessible books on how to learn hieroglyphs as refreshers and for sharing. I have four texts, and this was the first of the lot.
If you are truly interested in learning Egyptian hieroglyphs for an upcoming trip to Egypt or to visit a museum with a collection (I amazed a friend once by being able to read an inscription at the museum; I confessed that of the hundreds of 'paragraphs' of hieroglyphs in the collection, that that was one of only two I could decipher without my notebook), Collier and Manley's 'How to Read Egyptian Hieroglyphs' is a good choice for learning.
It begins with a basic description of the way in which hieroglyphs are used (some signs are words, but actually very few, and others are sound-meaning symbols). Collier and Manley introduce a transliteration system to ease your way into pronunciation (and pronunciation is very sketchy, given the fact there are no recordings from ancient Egypt). Symbols can vary occasionally for sound, meaning, and determinative value.
The pattern of hieroglyphs is also variable. Generally, you always want to 'read into the face', i.e., the picto-glyphs will be facing the direction from which to start -- more often right to left than left to right, and columns go top to bottom. There are no punctuation marks and no word breaks -- this can make meanings hard to decipher.
Consider the example:
IAMNOWHERE
which could be broken into
I AM NOW HERE
or
I AM NOWHERE
and in this case, context might not help provide which meaning is the true one. Or perhaps the author is poetical and sees the trouble of distinction and means that trouble to be present.
No wonder hieroglyphs are hard!
Collier and Manley's book is excellent in basic vocabulary building and basic grammar. And, if you're like me and will make flash cards, you'll become a better draw-er too.
There are exercises, and pictures of inscriptions to practice on, and a key to the exercises in the back of the book.

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