Showing posts with label religion. Show all posts
Showing posts with label religion. Show all posts

Out of Egypt: The Roots of Christianity Revealed Review

Out of Egypt: The Roots of Christianity Revealed
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I was intrigued by the thesis of this book; that the roots of both Judaism and Christianity were to be found in ancient Egypt. Amongst other ideas, the author suggests that the Pharaohs Thutmosis III, Akhenaten, and Tutankamun were the persons that the Bible calls David, Moses, and Jesus, respectively. He argues that the accounts in the scriptures held sacred by the Jews and by Christians, known as the Old Testament, and which were written down only after many centuries of oral tradition, are seriously flawed and ahistorical. Osman further suggests that there is no proof whatsoever, aside from the biblical account, that there ever was an important Jewish kingdom in Palestine ruled by David or Solomon. Essentially, he contends that Jesus did not live a mortal life in the first century AD, but rather that embellished accounts of a life from more than 1000 years earlier were used as a model in what amounted to a great deception. His book is a serious problem for either a believing Christian or a believing Jew, undercutting as it does the veracity of the scriptures, and basic tenets of both faiths. Nonetheless, the book might be a serious challenge to conventional scholarship, were it not flawed itself. Osman has an annoying and ultimately self-undermining habit of making a great many unsupported suppositions. He makes a claim, which he promises to prove "later", and then later he continues his argument with "As we have seen..." as though he has offered solid proof, when in fact he has offered nothing of the sort. There is far too much here that lacks substantiation, and the author relies far too heavily on the Bible itself (which he himself claims is completely unreliable) and his personal interpretation thereof, to measure up to even a weak academic standard. It IS an entertaining read; but far too many speculations are held together with very little solid evidence for Osman's argument to be taken completely seriously. Even his research was less than thorough. His bibliography, for example, does not include Immanuel Velikovsky, who wrote of a similar theory regarding the Pharaoh Akhenaten decades ago. To conclude, the book promised much, but failed to deliver. Ultimately, I was disappointed.

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Parallels: Mesoamerican and Ancient Middle Eastern Traditions a Tradition Review

Parallels: Mesoamerican and Ancient Middle Eastern Traditions a Tradition
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Diane Wirth has collected an impressive number of cultural parallels between the Old World (Near East) and the New World (Mesoamerica). She presents a large number of examples that show bearded figures in the early cultures of Mesoamerica which have usually been considered as beardless. These examples parallel Near Eastern cultural and physical features. She shows a close parallel between the characteristics of the Egyptian god Osiris and the Maya Maize god. She draws parallels in creation and renewal beliefs as well as in birth and resurrection as revealed in the iconography. She demonstrates how the World Tree (Tree of Life) is common to both Near Eastern and Mesoamerican beliefs. She reveals the similarities between the Egyptian and Mayan scribal traditions. Both hieroglyphic writing systems were highly developed and both used logograms, syllabic signs and determinative markers that aided in determining the meaning of ambigious glyphs. She uses the glyphs and the icons from works of art and sculpture to explain the complexity of these parallels. Diane is very qualified to do this kind of comparison. She has studied these things for many years and has been a student of many of the leading Mesoamerican scholars. I recommend this book to anyone interested in furthering their knowledge of the diffusion of culture from the Old World to the New. There are many excellent references cited that can lead one to a more comprehensive understanding of these two cultural areas.

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The Mind of Egypt: History and Meaning in the Time of the Pharaohs Review

The Mind of Egypt: History and Meaning in the Time of the Pharaohs
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This book attempts to reconstruct the ancient mind set of the Egyptians, in so far as possible, and relate it to our own. Assmann writes "ancient Egypt is an intellectual and spiritual world that is linked to our own by numerous strands of tradition." He discusses, for example, the influences of works such as "The Admonitions of Ipuwer" [13th cent.BC]on Bertold Brecht who used parts of it in his play "The Caucasian Chalk Circle". He explains the most important Egyptian philosophical concept "ma'at" or "connective justice" (illustrated in "The Eloquent Peasant" a Middle Kingdom work but holding "for Egyptian civilization in general" in terms of the ideas of both Karl Marx and Nietzsche.
Most importantly he shows what the Egyptian state really stood for as opposed to the false images found in Old Testament propaganda that mispresents Eqypt as an oppressive slave state. "The Egyptian state." he says, "is the implementation of a legal order that precludes the natural supremacy of the strong and opens up prospects for the weak (the 'widows' and 'orphans') that otherwise would not exist."
Unlike many who think that the revolution initiated by Akhenaten perished with him, Assmann presents evidence that its main principles survived in other religious traditions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam) as well in secular venues from Greek philosophy "to the universalist formulas of oun own age as embodied in the physics of Einstein and Heisenberg."
It is possible that many of the ideas of "Christianity" were originally formulated by the Egyptians.
Today we know more about the Ancient Egyptians than ever before so we should "attempt to enter into a dialogue with the newly readable messages of ancient Egyptian culture and thus to reestablish them as an integral part of our cultural memory."
I have only skimmed the surface of this important book. Anyone who wants to understand ancient Egypt must read this book."

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The Lost Symbol Review

The Lost Symbol
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I want to be fair to Dan Brown.
Elitist literary critics say that Brown is not a good writer, and that his stories are bland. I personally think that if you manage to genuinely entertain and awe your audiences, then you have accomplished something worthy of reading. I also think that "The Da Vinci Code" was nearly an impossible act to follow. People will have all sorts of crazy expectations for your next book that you won't be able to fulfill. As such, I write this review as fair as I can, trying to assess it on its own merits, but comparisons are inevitable.
The Lost Symbol isn't a bad book, but it is a letdown. I didn't like this one for the same reason I didn't like Angels and Demons as much. Also, Brown doesn't advance the story at a good pace. A good two-thirds of the book (I'm not exaggerating, I counted the pages) was filled with variations on such a scene:
Character A: Have you heard of X?
Character B (usually Langdon): Yes, but I thought that was just a myth.
Character A shows or tells B something.
Character B reacts with shock.
Then, insert scenes of people walking from one place to another, being chased.
Then, insert the sentence "Suddenly everything made sense." At least for the next ten pages.
Repeat.
After reading this, I had to wonder whether Brown is a writer on Lost, where people can't seem to give straight answers, and where scenes never resolve any questions.
Here's my advice to Dan Brown:
1. Fire your editor. There were some whole passages, even chapters, that served no purpose other than to inflate your book to an unnecessary size. I don't mind reading big books, but I do mind reading through unnecessary words. Ch. 69, for example, is unnecessary. If your editor didn't ask you to take it out, then he should be fired. Sorry.
2. We don't need to know exactly how every character moves from one location to the next, which turn they took, what street they walked across. If it serves the plot, if the geography is important (as it was in Angels and Demons), then fine. Geography was crucial at certain moments in this book, but many times, the passages when you describe how someone moves from one part of a house to another part, what door they opened and closed, all that is boring and tedious.
3. Don't write your novel like a screenplay. Whether you've done it consciously or not, your short chapters read as if you had in mind exactly what camera shots you expect out of an inevitable movie adaptation. Leave that to the screenwriter. If they can adapt a book like "Naked Lunch," they can surely adapt your book as well. Write your novel as a novel.
4. Be careful of hubris. You're in a unique and rare position that, I'm sure, many authors dream of: your books will sell millions by default and you will get a multi-million dollar movie deal without question. Good for you! Some authors handle that well (e.g. J.K. Rowling), some don't (e.g. Stephen King, Michael Crichton). It's not that the latter are bad writers, but that they are capable of writing some really bad stuff. Having said that, I'm not saying that The Lost Symbol is bad, just that it needs to lose about 100-pages of unnecessary, repetitive scenes. Speaking of Crichton, the reason I stopped reading him is that he became too formulaic. All his books are about a bunch of mismatched experts going to some remote location and something goes wrong. Formula isn't bad per se. Rowling is formulaic too. Most of her books revolve around the Hogwarts school year, but she puts enough story in there to make it work. You should do more of that.
5. Know what you're good at. You know your technology, which makes your book authentic. You also know that your readers are likely to go Google a painting or artist you mentioned and be awed by what you described. That's great! I bet that also saves you the pain of having to request reprint permissions of artwork and such. Also, since most people don't know their history, let alone the etymology of words they use everyday, you have literally an endless supply of stories. That's what you're good at. I'd say, forget the science stuff. It's interesting, but, as with Angels and Demons, it's an awkward fit. I don't recall there being any modern science in The Da Vinci Code and I was fine with that.
6. Try a recurring character. Langdon is fine, but consider having a character or two that returns in subsequent books. Make them interesting, of course, and don't make them a love interest.
So, here's the good news. Dan Brown hasn't nuked the fridge, at least not for me. Also, now that this book is out in the open, readers are likely to give his next book a much fairer assessment. So, I look forward to reading that, but, I probably won't be buying it on the first day it's out.

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Restless Dead: Encounters between the Living and the Dead in Ancient Greece Review

Restless Dead: Encounters between the Living and the Dead in Ancient Greece
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I bought this book as soon as it came out. I became a fan of S.I. Johnston as soon as I read her Hekate book.
In this book she describes the evolvement of the relationship between the living and the dead in ancient Greece. Being a Greek I was amazed of how much it has survived of what Greek think as far as the dead are concerned. It is very rewarding to see that so much of the old religion is still around us and that Christianity has not destroyed everything yet...
Having said that, this book is an academic endeavour and not a New Age or Neo-Pagan writing. Mrs. Johnston is a true scholar and she does honour to the University she teaches.
Read her other books too.

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The Miracles of Exodus: A Scientist's Discovery of the Extraordinary Natural Causes of the Biblical Stories Review

The Miracles of Exodus: A Scientist's Discovery of the Extraordinary Natural Causes of the Biblical Stories
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I thought this was a really fascinating book. Some readers may get a bit of a chuckle out of the author's exuberant and earnestly dramatic writing style, but that doesn't really matter much when his arguments are so well-defended. In particular, his discussion of the real Mt. Sinai is alone worth the price of the book.
For hundreds of years, the most learned men on the planet scorned those who dared suggest that Homer's Iliad documented an actual battle, at an actual city - until Heinrich Schliemann (amateur) proved them all wrong. And amateur linguist Michael Ventris likewise showed up the scholars with his famous translation of Linear B script. I wonder if Mr. Humphreys (whose area of professional expertise lies elsewhere) may have done something similar here with his book. Basically every serious archaelogist in the world has dismissed the Exodus as largely (if not entirely) fictional; and yet, as Humphreys shows, many of these dismissive conclusions derive from probably flawed assumptions due to mistranslations, errant dating, etc. His ideas and evidences seem to make so much more sense than every other take on the events recorded in Exodus that it is hard to not to feel he is really on to something.
This book's arguments are really intriguing. It's a great read regardless of whether one is a devout believer or a skeptic.

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Death, Burial and Rebirth in the Religions of Antiquity (Religion in the First Christian Centuries) Review

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Jew and Gentile in the Ancient World Review

Jew and Gentile in the Ancient World
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Dr. Feldman accomplished many things with this book. For one, he gathered together an enormous amount of material that only someone as knowledgeable and as thorough as he could do. The sources cited in the text and the footnotes represent an overwhelming amount of material. His encyclopedic knowledge of ancient texts makes him the right man for this monumental task, one that he accomplished gloriously.
Additionally, he added some wisdom and restraint to some overly interpretive colleagues. How much can really be deduced from a particular text? Does this text represent the mainstream of its time or an aberration? Would the author know enough to state anything authoritative on this subject? These are some of the questions Dr. Feldman asks when not only citing ancient sources but analyzing them to extract what can be known about the ancient world.
This book is a difficult read but is well worth the effort.

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Cracking the Wine Case: Unlocking Ancient Secrets in the Christian and Drinking Controversy Review

Cracking the Wine Case: Unlocking Ancient Secrets in the Christian and Drinking Controversy
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Insightful and well written. Adequately addresses the common controversy on christianity and drinking. The ancient secrets shared in the book are real interesting and great to know. A must for your spiritual journey!

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Should Christians Drink Alcoholic Beverages?Did God Make Wine for Our Enjoyment? Was Jesus the Miracle-Working Bartender in John 2?These questions have been debated for centuries, but what is the truth?In this book, the author takes the reader on a unforgettable journey that unlocks the ancient secrets and Scriptures that are necessary to explain these tough questions. Along this road, you will travel to a wedding reception where children drink beer and where pastors hold "church" at bars. It's a wild ride that's insightful, humorous and educational. If you've ever asked if drinking is permitted for Christians, you'll want this book in your library. * Discover the Manners and Customs of the Ancients for a More Complete and Necessary Background on the Drinking Issue*Over 240 Pages and 150 cultural notes * Every Major Scripture Passage in the Drinking Controversy is Scrutinized* Study Questions at the End of Every Chapter* Endorsed by Christian Leaders, Professionals and Universities*Special Chapters for those Addicted to Alcohol*Available in All Major Christian and Secular Bookstores (and Online)!

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A Dictionary of Gnosticism Review

A Dictionary of Gnosticism
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This book is a terrific reference for anyone interested in religion, mysticism, esoterica, ancient history and any form of Gnosis from ancient to modern. Though it would appear at first glance to be a basic dictionary of words rarely used and seldom contemplated in the average everyday world, it is a storehouse of clues to the origins of Western esoterica and literary fancy. Take "AEEIOUO," an entry on page 5. Reminiscent of the Caterpillar's song in Lewis Carol's "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland" it is also the (Greek) vowels chanted repetitively in certain forms of magic derived from Gnostic texts ... a little online cross-research explains that according to the Nag Hammadi, Aeeiouo is the shape of the Self Begotten Soul. (In Greek, Alice happens to mean "truthful.")
The Nag Hammadi codices are outlined beginning on page 168 where it is explained that the "tractates in the codices are in Coptic, but scholars believe they were originally composed in Greek."
What's a "tractate"? Look it up on page 247 where you can also brush up on the word "transcendence" contrasted with "immanence" on page 124.
A Dictionary of Gnosticism will help you comprehend Plato's Timaeus from which the concept of the "demiurge" originates, as well as modern film concepts. The 1999 movie "The Matrix" is explained on page 156 where "archon" equivalent characters (agents) govern reality "on behalf of the entity that created the world". The demiurge in Gnosticism is compared to the machines in the Matrix.
Try Googling all that! It is wonderful to have this handy Gnostic dictionary at one's fingertips as a quick reference for looking up some of the more obscure terms of Gnosis ("direct spiritual experience") - but it also helps in grasping much of what more mainstream literature and contemporary media have been trying to tell us all along. The truth is in between the lines ... or in the process of "inverse exegesis." Make up your "Nous" or mind and avoid the "interdict" if you are a heretic. Explore Pistis Sophia. Use this quick reference manual of Gnostic terms as a springboard for further inquiry. Ablanathanalba.


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A Dictionary of Gnosticism is a scholarly yet accessible guide that covers the people, mythology, movements, scripture, and technical terms related to this pre-Christian Western religion. It contains nearly 1700 entries, from Aachiaram, an angel in the Secret Book of John to Zostrianos, a third-century Gnostic text, and is a reliable reference for the Nag Hammadi library and other Gnostic texts. An introduction explains who the Gnostics were and provides a whirlwind tour through the history of this captivating movement.

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Jesus in the House of the Pharaohs: The Essene Revelations on the Historical Jesus Review

Jesus in the House of the Pharaohs: The Essene Revelations on the Historical Jesus
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The theories put forth in this work are indeed unorthodox, yet not to be dismissed because of that. The author believes the old testament scriptures especially to be deliberately misleading for the sake of covering up the theories put forth in this book.
The author certainly did his archaeological and historical homework, but contrary to his statement in the first chapter, he obviously does not believe the old/new testament scriptures to be reliable historical work. While I appreciated the new twist on these events of the bible, I must criticise this work for the inconsistent way the old/new testament scriptures are treated as reference material for Osman's theories.
For some aspects of Osman's theories, scriptures are treated as deliberate cover-ups of the truth, while other times they are treated as supportive of Osman's theories and to be taken at face value. The author's criteria for interpreting the old/new testament passages one way or the other is unclear all the way through the book.
I respect that Osman didn't ignore the scriptural passages that conflict with his theories and made an honest attempt to deal with those inconsistencies one by one. I am only saying that some of the explanations he gives are not convincing, while many of them are very convincing.
One minor note: those looking for a thorough examination of the Essenes, their views on Jesus and the Teacher of Righteousness (as I was), this book deals only briefly with the Essenes and focuses mainly on Jewish and Egytian history.

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A provocative thesis that the historical Jesus was connected to the royal 18th dynasty of Egypt
' Contends that Jesus, Joshua, and Tutankhamun were the same person

' Provides evidence from church documentation, the Koran, the Talmud, and archaeology that the Messiah came more than a millennium before the first century C.E.

' Shows that Christianity evolved from Essene teachings

Although it is commonly believed that Jesus lived during the first century C.E., there is no concrete evidence to support this fact from the Roman and Jewish historians who would have been his contemporaries. The Gospel writers themselves were of a later generation, and many accounts recorded in the Old Testament and Talmudic commentary refer to the coming of the Messiah as an event that had already occurred.Using the evidence available from archaeology, the Dead Sea Scrolls, the Koran, the Talmud, and biblical sources, Ahmed Osman provides a compelling case that both Jesus and Joshua were one and the same--a belief echoed by the early Church Fathers--and that this person was likewise the pharaoh Tutankhamun, who ruled Egypt between 1361 and 1352 B.C.E. and was regarded as the spiritual son of God. Osman contends that the Essene Christians--who followed Jesus' teachings in secret after his murder--only came into the open following the execution of their prophet John the Baptist by Herod, many centuries later. Yet it was also the Essenes who, following the death of Tutankhamun and his father Akhenaten (Moses), secretly kept the monotheistic religion of Egypt alive. The Essenes believed themselves to be the people of the New Covenant established between their Lord and themselves by the Teacher of Righteousness, who was murdered by a wicked priest. The Dead Sea Scrolls support Osman's contention that this Teacher of Righteousness was in fact Jesus.


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The Christ Conspiracy: The Greatest Story Ever Sold Review

The Christ Conspiracy: The Greatest Story Ever Sold
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The further one goes into this book, the more one recognizes how vast is the mythological background of the ancient world that the modern era has completely lost sight of. Those who imagine that the Gospel story represents singular historical events are in for a shock when they realize the degree to which the Christian myth of Jesus of Nazareth was a reflection of mythical motifs and traditions which saturated ancient and even prehistoric cultures. There is barely an original or virgin bone in Christ's body, and Christians in the early centuries were regularly assailed by pagan detractors who accused them of reworking old ideas and copying from a host of predecessors.
The other thing the reader comes to recognize is that Acharya S has done a superb job in bringing together this rich panoply of ancient world mythology and culture, and presenting it in a comprehensive and compelling fashion. Moreover, she grabs the reader from the first page and doesn't let go. Her style is colorful, bold, occasionally (and justifiably) indignant, even a touch reckless at times, but never off the track--a little like an exciting roller coaster ride. It may take a fair amount of concentration to absorb all this material, but even if you don't integrate everything on first reading, the broader strokes will leave you convinced that the story of Jesus is simply an imaginative refashioning of the mythological heritage of centuries and that no such man ever existed.
She covers a wide range of interesting and provocative topics, with plenty of stimulating insights. Especially effective is her attention to elements of the Old Testament that one doesn't usually encounter in biblical studies: astrology in the bible, the mythological nature of much of the Old Testament material, the falsity of the idea that the Hebrews were monotheistic, even a chapter on Sex and Drugs. She delves into Egyptian and Indian precedents for the possible derivation of many of the bible's traditions. When she ranges even further afield and notes the astonishingly widespread commonality of certain religious and cultural motifs from one end of the planet to the other, extending back into very ancient times, we are on intriguing if speculative ground, but for the most part the author simply lets the data speak for itself, and readers can draw what conclusions their own adventurous spirits might wish.
As for her detailed picture of how Gospel elements closely conform to astrological and mythological symbols in the atmosphere of the time, or how the story of Jesus parallels the features of other savior gods: if even half of these things were in the minds of the Gospel writers when they fashioned their symbolic tale (to which one could add the midrashic borrowing of passages from the Hebrew scriptures to provide so much of the Gospel structure, its `events' and even their wording), there can be no doubt that such writers were well aware that their work had nothing to do with history.
There are those who have expressed some uncertainty about the scholarship which originally presented some of the subject matter dealt with in this book, since much of it comes from the 19th and early 20th centuries. But there is a prominent reason why today's researcher is inevitably thrown back on this early period of investigation. The so-called History of Religions School was a feature of that period, represented by such luminaries as Reitzenstein, Bousset and Cumont, and other, less famous scholars. Its conclusions about the relation of Christianity to the thought and religious expression of the time, especially in regard to the mystery cults and even solar mythology, proved very unpalatable to mainstream New Testament study. That was also the period of intense examination of the idea that no Jesus had existed at all (J. M. Robertson, Arthur Drews, the Dutch Radical School, etc.). The result was a backlash and a circling of the wagons, creating a fortress mentality against such scholarship for the latter three-quarters of the 20th century. As a result, there has been little recent investigation of that History of Religions material, especially sympathetic investigation. Acharya may draw to some degree on that older scholarship, but while certain aspects of it are necessarily a little dated, one of the things which struck me in her quotations from it (and more and more of it is now being reprinted) is how perceptive and compelling most of it continues to be. We sorely need a new History of Religions School for the 21st century, to apply modern techniques to this important ancient material. Perhaps this book will help bring that about.

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Kingship and the Gods: A Study of Ancient Near Eastern Religion as the Integration of Society and Nature (Oriental Institute Essays) Review

Kingship and the Gods: A Study of Ancient Near Eastern Religion as the Integration of Society and Nature (Oriental Institute Essays)
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Although now somewhat outdated in certain aspects of interpretation, this book surely will remain as one the pillars for the study of ancient Egyptian religion, and, in fact, is one of the never-absent bibliographic references. I do not agree in toto with Frankfort's ideas about several subjects, but I must confess that it is one of the most interesting studies that I ever read about the matter. There are many thought-provoking ideas! Buy it, read it, learn from it. Both for the learned and the newcomer!

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This classic study clearly establishes a fundamental difference in viewpoint between the peoples of ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia. By examining the forms of kingship which evolved in the two countries, Frankfort discovered that beneath resemblances fostered by similar cultural growth and geographical location lay differences based partly upon the natural conditions under which each society developed. The river flood which annually renewed life in the Nile Valley gave Egyptians a cheerful confidence in the permanence of established things and faith in life after death. Their Mesopotamian contemporaries, however, viewed anxiously the harsh, hostile workings of nature. Frank's superb work, first published in 1948 and now supplemented with a preface by Samuel Noah Kramer, demonstrates how the Egyptian and Mesopotamian attitudes toward nature related to their concept of kingship. In both countries the people regarded the king as their mediator with the gods, but in Mesopotamia the king was only the foremost citizen, while in Egypt the ruler was a divine descendant of the gods and the earthly representative of the God Horus.

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Tempest & Exodus Review

Tempest and Exodus
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The sequel to Jesus: Last of the Pharoahs is more reasonable than the former. Mostly, because Ralph Ellis concentrates on one period of time only and takes more time to reason about this single issue. It is about the volcano's eruption on (Greek) Thera/Santorini playing catalyst for the religious strife within ancient Egypt, leading to the Hyksos' exodus(es). Prominently featured is the identification of Biblical Mt. Sinai with the Great Pyramid of Giza. Which functions both, as the template for the portable ark of the covenant of the Jews and circling procession like around today's Kabaa (to be precise, a different pyramid is suggested for the latter tradition). All of which sounds..., well... more than a bit unusual. The reasoning of the author merits attention, however, maybe only to be found out later that it was important for the way to "the truth" than actually representing the last word on everything touched.
I read the 2nd revised edition of 2006 (of the original book of 2000) and I advise to read the respective latest edition, as the author revises his books frequently. As such, some of my and others' criticism may get revised in later editions.
The major problem with Ralph Ellis' books is that they predominantly depent on linguistics as the basis for his hypotheses. On the one hand, this methodology offers largely untapped opportunities for revelations from the perspective of the current lack of historical knowledge about those Imes (times). On the other hand, these hypotheses should get confirmed by other means, which this book does a little bit more than other works of the author, yet still not sufficiently. For a simple reason: Linguistics offer a potential minefield for folk etymologies. Additionally, Ralph Ellis is very liberal in averring connections and changing words to fit each other. He will be right at times, but hardly all the way. He also likes to find proof for this theories, never to be wrong in the end. That is very suspicious in itself, smacking of constructivism, for the odds are slim that a scientist is right about his initial assumptions all the time. Even though I have to say, this book currently reads as mostly comprehendable.
Mostly means not all the time. One example for his falling for an folk etymology is his reproduction of the historic legend that the croissant is derived from Hungarian bakers thwarting a conquering attempt of the Budapest besieging Turks, celebrating themselves with a food product in the form of the Islamic crescent. This goes back to a supposed event of 1686. Unfortunately for this legend, this wasn't known before 1948, when Alfred Gottschalk wrote that in a book. Which was totally fabricated. As can be seen by the fact that 10 years previously he wrote the same story in another book ("Larousse gastronomique"), but this time placing the events in Austrian Vienna three years previously. In reality, the croissant, which is supposed to be derived from the crescent, hasn't been heard of in France before the 19th century. And in Austria the template for croissants has been known many centuries before any Turk army appeared on the horizon. Ironically maybe connected to even earlier monastery bakers celebrating Easter with this product looking like horns of an animal, as the original Austrian/German name suggests - which would have been interesting for Ralph Ellis to find/construct some other connection to ancient Egypt. But I do not necessarily want to encourage him any further... This paragraph by no means debunks the entire book, as Ellis' hypotheses do not depent the croissant. It is just that anything whatsoever I know about which Ralph Ellis writes about in his books, he gets wrong without further question. Which makes me wonder about the things he writes, nobody else knows anything about. In other words: I think most in this book sounds plausible, but everything should be checked independently. Even Ellis himself corrects his previous books. For example, in Thoth: Architect of the Universe he locates Atlantis in the Atlantic. In this book, he corrects himself in locating Atlantis among the Greek islands. And in later books, such as in Cleopatra to Christ (Jesus was the Great Grandson of Cleopatra) / Scota, Egyptian Queen of the Scots (Ireland and Scotland were founded by an Egyptian Queen) [Two Books in One] he suddenly turns his most prominent theory over that the Hyksos were Egyptians without any migratory background. Simply because new theories of his collide with his former ones. Simply, because, again, he likes to prove his theories by finding the corresponding/constructed evidence. He should revise all of his books more frequently, I may offer... The positive aspect of this is that he himself is showing that prolonged reasoning and research leads to ever new insights and even not quite correct theories are necessary for progress.
By the way: Atlantis???
His reasoning about Sodom and Gomorrha doesn't grow stronger in this book than in the prequel. This time he wants to derive "Sodom" from fornication. Whatever, but here's the message: The original theology of that story is not about any sexual matters whatsoever, it's about greed and not sharing a bit of one's accumulated wealth, going so far as to maltreat any potential one in need.
The bottom line is: This book is worth reading, just don't ingrain anything in it as incontrovertible. The sequel in this series is Solomon, Falcon of Sheba: The Tombs of King David, King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba Discovered (original title).

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The dramatic discovery of a large biblical quotation on an ancient Egyptian stele.When compared to its Biblical equivalent, the text appears to be two separate accounts, Egyptian and Israelite, of a conference about how the Biblical exodus should be organized. This sequel to Jesus, Last of the Pharaohs also contains.• the secret name of God• the location of Mt. Ararat• illustrations of Noah's ArkThe quotation thus has fundamental implications for both history and theology because it explains:• why the Tabernacle and the Ark of the Covenant were constructed• why the exodus started• where Mt. Sinai was located• who the God of the Israelites was• who the Israelites really were• why the Torah, Bible and Koran were written.

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The Book of the Dead Review

The Book of the Dead
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I gave this book 5 stars simply for the reason being that Budge was the first to translate the Egyptian Text and offered a literal translation. In contrast, if anyone wants to read a mystical interpretation of the text the best available for this would be: (The Egyptian Book of the Dead : The Book of Coming Forth by Day by: Muata A. Ashbi)

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Including the Hieroglyphic Transcript and English Translation of the Papyrus of AniFascinating compendium of ancient Egyptian mythology, religious beliefs and magical practices.Includes spells, incantations, hymns, magical formulas and prayers.All explained by one of the most knowledgeable and respected Egyptologists of the early 20th century.B&W illustrations, photographs and hieroglyphics throughout.704 pages.

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Cleopatra to Christ (Jesus was the Great Grandson of Cleopatra) / Scota, Egyptian Queen of the Scots (Ireland and Scotland were founded by an Egyptian Queen) Review

Cleopatra to Christ (Jesus was the Great Grandson of Cleopatra) / Scota, Egyptian Queen of the Scots (Ireland and Scotland were founded by an Egyptian Queen)
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I have read almost all of the author's books and I find that he just might have a shred of truth in this one
and also a lot of his own perceptions without any firm basis. I have an idea there might be more fiction
than facts. Secrets of the Magdalene Scrolls

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Book One: A Reconstruction of Jesus' roots and family history. The Bible says that the infant Jesus was visited by the Magi of the East, and that he was educated in Egypt. Seeming to be of royal blood, he was crowned King of the Jews. The inference from these sparse facts is that Jesus was probably of both Egyptian and Persian royal blood, but that he was exiled to Judaea in about 4 AD. In fact, there was a royal family in the early first century AD that fits all the requirements to produce this scion, though only known about for hundreds of years. Scota: Egyptian Queen of the Scots: Six hundred years ago, Walter Bower set out to record the known history of the Irish and Scottish people. Drawing on records from the first millennium AD, the astounding account he wrote maintained that the Irish and Scottish people were descended from Queen Scota, who was an Egyptian princess. It is from Scota and her husband Gaythelos that the names for the Scottish and Gaelic people were derived. It has generally been assumed that this account is mythological; however, Ellis has amassed sufficient evidence to demonstrate that it is true history, and that the Irish and Scots people were descended from a daughter of Pharaoh Akhenaton. Includes 12-page color section.

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My Heart My Mother: Death and Rebirth in Ancient Egypt Review

My Heart My Mother: Death and Rebirth in Ancient Egypt
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I read the original print of 2000. Alison Roberts clearly prefers to remain on the safe side of egyptology, which concentrates on the myths and rites of ancient Egypt, but excludes the mysticism. At one point, she even laments about that focus in "scholarly" books and goes as far as stating that at least some use of the so called "Book of the Dead" was for an initiation for the very much living. Yet, without the full scale mysticism behind the myths and rites, ancient Egypt cannot get overstood. But then again, this is true for any religion. Yet, any religion is largely practiced - and therefore very real - by the masses to which no mysticism is taught or for whom (quasi universal) mysticism don't say anything. Hence, it gets difficult to rate this book. Clearly, orthodox egyptologists will give more stars than mystics of any branch of religion. As I am a mystic, I would probably give 2 or 3 stars for the first four chapters or 188 pages. However, I bought this book for its final fifth chapter or 36 pages. Which is about the ancient Egyptian source of European alchemy. And here the author leaves the orthodox path for a more progressive view, clearly and very convincingly connecting e.g. the "Splendor Solis" paper to the "Book of Night" and other ancient Egyptian mystic works. The very term "alchemy" shows the Arab origin of "chemistry". Yet, they in turn got it from the Egyptians, and the Jews actually bridged it to Europe as well. Originally not being concerned at all with secular science, but with a lot of spirituality. Which does get explained in this book, minus the very most of mysticism as mentioned. For that connection to overstand, it makes sense to have read the previous chapters in the book. That's why to me personally, this book is worth 4 stars after all.
For those with general interest in all of the book: The title may be a bit misleading as it suggests a much broader spectrum than gets actually covered. The author recommends reading her previous book Hathor Rising: The Power of the Goddess in Ancient Egypt beforehand. Which is about Akhenaten's (Akenten's) revolution. "My Heart My Mother" concerns itself with the "aftermath" (or counter revolution depending on the perspective). Obviously, the author isn't to fond of Akhenaten, mostly for his supposed neglect of female input in his religion branch. (Again, which may due to the author not having a vibe for mysticism, which disregards genders. Akhenaten and his wife are usually depicted in an "androgynous" style.) Yet, Alison Robert's focus narrows further on one temple in Memphis and the Osireion at Abydos. Speaking of which, she uses the orthodox English rendered Greek rendered names of the ancient Egyptian names of god(desse)s and cities.
One of the MANY, MANY examples of the ancient Egyptian branch of religion not to be overstood by reading this non-mystical book is about Seth (Set) killing Osiris (Asar) "for some unstated reason". It isn't about the literal myth, but the symbolism: Seth represents the lower self of everyone which believes in the ego and separations, who hence separates and destructs as in the myth he separates Osiris' body into many pieces. Accordingly, it is besides the point to write about one episode of Seth and his nephew Horus (Heru) as an homosexual encounter and about another with Isis (Aset) and Horus as an incestuous one. Again, the symbolism of what the characters (who are all the ONE, plus all parts of the initiate) stand for is decisive, not the specifics of the exchangeable myth. Besides: All ancient Egyptian deities are meant to be androgynous and all sexuality is more or less incestuous, as couples are often siblings etc. For a mystical approach read e.g. Shamanic Wisdom in the Pyramid Texts: The Mystical Tradition of Ancient Egypt and Muata Ashby's books, for direct reference for example "African Religion Vol. 3: Memphite Theology".
One advantage Alison Roberts has, though: She is not interpreting ancient Egyptian religion as sex hostile, something many modern mystics attempt to due to a post-Egyptian development of a sex hostile meme pool in religion.
Yet, the bottom line is: If you do not take the phenomenological approach of mysticism towards ancient Egyptian religion and society, you are bound to blind both as polytheistic, pagan and utterly unconcerned with I-n-I (us) today. Instead of seeing the very source of all of today's "world religions" and the very relevance in mystical terms.

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My Heart My Mother looks at many different aspects of Egyptian religion from the role of Hathor-Sekhmet, the serpent eye goddess, in the cult of Osiris, to the reliefs in the temple at Abydos, and more general discussions of temple life, ancestor ritual, death, rebirth and regeneration. An original piece of work on female divinities and their role in the passage of the pharaohs from death to rebirth that takes us beyond the New Kingdom period and into the Greco-Roman world.

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